Powerpoint By: Ashley Little, Dylan Peltonen, Charlie Lynn, and Sam Akers Period: 7 th

“...who ever knew Truth put to the worse, in a free and open encounter?” -John Milton Throughout this portion of Thank You For Arguing the reader becomes familiar with the “7 deadly sins” in the rhetoric sense.

1) False Comparison: It is the misconception that since two objects are similar they are one in the same; correlation. natural fallacy the false analogy Appeal to popularity 2) Bad example: This is when the persuader uses false proof in the argument. In a way this is also a case of correlation vs. causation. Note: “there’s a disconnect between...the examples and... choice (Heinrichs, 144).” Misinterpretation of the evidence the hasty generalization 3) Ignorance as proof: Otherwise known as the fallacy of ignorance, it is the misconception that since there is a lack in evidence then something must not exist. This is a theory based off of knowns and unknowns. All superstitions

4) Tautology: A fallacy which a statement is repeated in a different way in order to connect the proof to the conclusion. The proof and conclusion agree, but that is just it: they agree because they are infac t the same thing. To put it plainly it is a logic loop. 5) False Choice: A conclusion in which the choices presented to the other side do not all really exist or possibly more than is let on by the persuader could exist. For example, “ it’s my way or the highway.” The many questions fallacy the false dilemma 6) Red Herring aka. The Chewbacca Defense: The arguer tries to steer the audience from the current issues and onto an unrelated topic which will serve as a distraction. Straw man fallacy 7) Wrong Ending: When the proof doesn’t reach the conclusion. The assumption that because one thing happened after another, the first caused the second. slippery slope Post hoc ergo propter hoc...or... the Chanticleer fallacy.

Main logical sins:  Bad Proof  Bad conclusion  Disconnect between proof and conclusion Note: “To see whether a fallacy lies hidden in an argument ask yourself 3 questions: 1- Does the proof hold up? 2- Am I given the right number of choices? 3- Does the proof lead to a conclusion? (Heinrichs, 138)”

“Rhetoric is an open palm, dialectic a closed fist.” - Zeno This chapter aims to teach the reader about the many ways to determine if an argument is inarguable and how to “stay in bounds” of any argument.

Fallacy of Power: If the person in charge asks for something or wants something done, then it must be good. One must rely on logos and ethos for assurance Anything that keeps from creating a satisfactory conclusion renders the argument useless. Fine Nixonian Rhetoric: When using a deliberative argument, the only foul is either stopping the argument entirely or turning it into a fight. The proof must lead to the choice. Use purely logos.

Spock For President: Appeal to popularity- mainly deals with the ethos and pathos characters. Note: “A tactic that wins a logical argument will... lose a political one (Heinrichs, 161).” Gaining the higher moral ground helps win the argument that is dominated by logic. 7 Rhetorical out-of-Bounds: Tense switched from future Refusing to hear the opponent Humiliation Innuendo Threats Cursing Stupidity

Chapter 16 introduces the reader to the depths of marketing and advertising. Are salespeople really mind readers? Are they really your friends? “You want the truth! You can’t handle the truth! No truth handler you! Bah! I deride your truth handling abilities!” -The Simpsons

Mom’s Heart’s Desire: You must look for disconnects! Disinterest- the persuader tries to make you think that your interests and their’s are one in the same. The “dodged question”- ask flat out who could benefit from the choice they would make; if you don’t get a straight answer, their virtue is dishonest. Introduce... The Salesman: Well-spoken and capable of convincing customers (rather like hypnotism) that they want and need something that they really don’t, a salesperson is a master of the rhetoric.

Lying in a Mean: Virtue: the connection created with the customer.  State of character- This is adapted depending on the audience’s needs.  Concerned with choice- Virtue is prevelent through the choices the persuader makes.  Lying in a mean- The persuader stays exactly in the middle of the audience’s values. Extremists= describe a moderate choice as extreme. Note: “If your...opinion lies outside the public’s mean... That mean is extreme. Or you could label your own position as moderate (Heinrichs, 179).”

Heinrichs, Jay. Thank You for Arguing: What Aristotle, Lincoln, and Homer Simpson Can Teach Us about the Art of Persuasion. New York: Three Rivers, Print.