A POCKET GUIDE TO PUBLIC SPEAKING 4 TH EDITION Chapter 4 Ethical Public Speaking

Earn Your Listeners’ Trust  Speaker credibility:  Solid grasp of the subject  Sound reasoning skills  Honest and unmanipulative  Genuinely interested in listeners’ welfare

Respect Audience Values  Our ethical conduct reflects our values.  Values can conflict.  Difficult to talk about certain topics  Anticipate the audience’s range of values.  Demonstrate respect for audience’s values.

Use Your Rights of Free Speech Responsibly  The First Amendment guarantees freedom of speech.  Certain types of speech are illegal:  Incitement or “fighting words”  Defamatory speech  Speech that invades a person’s privacy

Use Your Rights of Free Speech Responsibly (cont.)  When is language defamatory?  Public figures  Requires reckless disregard for the truth  Private persons  Easier to assert claims of defamation  Speaker has burden of proving truth

Contribute to Positive Public Discourse  Public discourse  Involves issues of importance to community  Ethical speech advances constructive goals.  Steers clear of invective (verbal attacks)  Avoids arguments that target a person  Avoids arguments built upon fallacies

Observe Ethical Ground Rules  Infuse dignity and integrity into speeches.  Dignity ensures listeners feel respected.  Integrity signals your incorruptibility.  Adhere to pillars of character.  Be trustworthy, respectful, responsible, and fair.

Avoid Offensive Speech  Ethical speakers scrupulously avoid  Ethnocentrism;  Stereotypes;  Outright prejudice.  Hate speech is never acceptable.

Avoid Plagiarism  Plagiarism is  Presenting another person’s information as your own;  Using others’ ideas/words without acknowledgement;  Copying material from a source.

Orally Acknowledge Your Sources  Sources should be acknowledged orally.  For each source, include:  Type of source  Author or origin of the source  Title or description of the source  Date of the source

Orally Acknowledge Your Sources (cont.)  Include all references in a bibliography.  Web sites must also be cited.  Common knowledge is an exception.  Information known by many people

Citing Quotations, Paraphrases, and Summaries  Three ways of presenting others’ ideas:  Direct quotations (repeating information verbatim)  Paraphrase (restating someone else’s ideas)  Summary (brief overview of another’s ideas)

Fair Use, Copyright, and Ethical Speaking  Copyright (legal protection for authors, artists)  Copyrighted materials may require permission.  Not subject to copyright:  Public domain works  Federal government publications

Fair Use, Copyright, and Ethical Speaking (cont.)  Doctrine of fair use  Permits limited use of copyrighted works  No permission needed for purposes of:  Scholarship or teaching  Criticism or comment  News reporting or research

Fair Use, Copyright, and Ethical Speaking (cont.)  Provide credit even with fair use.  Copyright symbol (©) required for visual aids  Creative Commons licenses:  Attribution (must credit the author)  Noncommercial (noncommercial purposes only)  No derivative works (only verbatim works)

 Part 1: Compile a list of things that you observe to tell if someone is lying. Next, list strategies you have used or might recommend for telling others a lie. Finally, decide if people are better at detecting lies from those they know really well or from those they hardly know.

 Part 2: Identify interpersonal circumstances that might justify lying. Also, discuss whether lying is ever justified, and if so, when and why. Make a list of public speaking circumstances that might justify lying.