Hello, Argentine! My name is I am a medical student from the University of Kansas School of Medicine We will join you throughout the school year and will hopefully teach you something along the way

University of Kansas School of Medicine

BY: Nervous System

Nervous System related Health Careers Neurologist:  A medical doctor who,  Diagnoses and treats the nervous system, spinal cord and muscle disorders  Required Schooling: 12 years Neurosurgeon :  A medical doctor who,  Performs surgical procedures on the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves  Required Schooling: years

Nervous System related Health Careers Psychiatrist:  A medical doctor who,  Diagnoses and treats mental disorders  Required Schooling: 12 years Electroneurodiagnostic Technician:  Records electrical activity from the brain and spinal cord which assists in the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with neurological disorders  Required Schooling: 1-2 years

The Nervous System An organ system  Made up of a group of cells called neurons Function  Sends signals between different parts of the body through neurons  Coordinates and controls all the actions and senses in the body

When does the nervous system function? All the time! It controls,  The rate of your heartbeat  Your breathing  Your thinking  Your muscle contractions so that you can raise your hand when you have a question  And the list goes on…

What is a Neuron? It is the main cell that makes up the Nervous System  Function  Receives information from other neurons or tissues in the body  Interprets the information it has received  Transmits the information to either another neuron or a another tissue in the body

Neurons Structure  Dendrites  Receive the signal from another neuron or tissue Dendrites Dendrites RECEIVE the signal

Neurons Structures  Cell body  Contains the nucleus and decodes the information received by the dendrites and then sends new information to the axon Cell body The cell body INTERPRETS the signal

Neuron Structures  Axon  Carries signals away from the cell body that will eventually signal another neuron or tissue Axon The axon DELIVERS a new signal

Neurons Types of Neurons  Efferent/Motor Neurons  Receive signals from the brain and spinal cord that leads to muscle contractions  Afferent/Sensory Neurons  Interact with sensory organs(the eye, ear, nose, etc…)  These neurons send signals to allow the brain to interpret the 5 senses  Interneurons  Connect one Neuron to another Neuron

Reflex Arc Definition: neural pathway that involves at least an afferent and an efferent neuron, often bypassing the brain (thus, we don’t consciously think about it!) Reflex arc involved when you touch something hot  Patellar Reflex

Divisions of the Nervous System Central Nervous System Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System BrainSpinal Cord Autonomic NS (Involuntary) Somatic NS (Voluntary) ParasympatheticSympathetic It’s Complicated

Central Nervous System Consists of the brain and spinal cord  Gathers information from our surrounding environment and interprets it  Controls much of the activity in the body  Contains all of the higher mental functions like thinking and learning

Peripheral Nervous System Consists of nerves that are outside of the brain and spinal cord  Connects the central nervous system to the limbs and organs of the body  Divided into the AUTONOMIC and SOMATIC nervous systems

Peripheral Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System  Unconsciously controls organs  Divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

Autonomic Nervous System Sympathetic:  Fight or Flight Response when you are under STRESS  Dilates the eye to see more clearly  Increase the rate of the heart beat  Dilates the lungs so they can take in more air  Slows digestion

Autonomic Nervous System Parasympathetic:  Rest and Digest Response when you are NOT under stress  Controls saliva release from glands in mouth  Increases intestinal movement  Controls urination and defecation

Autonomic Nervous System Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions  These two nervous systems are antagonistic to each other  Work together to UNCONCIOUSLY allow the body to respond to a variety of environments and stimuli

Somatic Nervous System Controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscle Allows us to,  Walk  Run  Jump  Smile  Chew food  And the list goes on…

Diseases of the Nervous System Stroke  Rapid loss of brain function due to a decrease in blood supply to the brain

Stroke Symptoms  Numbness, tingling or weakness often on only one side of the body  Vision Changes  Difficulty speaking  Confusion  Severe Headache  Passing Out These are variable depending on the severity of the stroke and what area of the brain is most affected

Stroke 3 rd leading cause of death in the U.S.  What can we do to make sure we don’t ever get one?  DO NOT SMOKE  Avoid alcohol  Maintain a healthy weight  Exercise at least 30 minutes a day 4 times a week  Eat a balanced, healthy diet

Nerve Injury Nerves are essentially like electrical wires, carrying information throughout your body  The axon is like the conducting part of the wire  Myelin covers the axon – just like an electrical wire is covered by a plastic or rubber coating

Nerve Injury If a nerve is cut, then the signal can’t get to its destination What happens if you cut the cord that connects your TV to the wall?

Quiz Time What is the cell of the nervous system? ? _ _ _ N E UR ON

Questions?

References Neurons ( / The Journal of Cell Biology ( / CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 ( F-6188A-130 ( / US Air Force ( / CC BY-NC 2.0 ( Neuron ( / Ethan Hein ( / CC BY 2.0 ( nerve ( / Esther Simpson ( / CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 ( page 214 Nervous System ( / Sue Clark ( / CC BY 2.0 ( From the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary ( / Mary Margret ( / CC BY 2.0 ( Brain Model / Shannan Muskopf / CC BY-NC 2.0 (