Abnormal Psychology Back From Madness crash course Back From Madness crash course A “harmful dysfunction” in which behavior is judged to be disturbing, atypical, maladaptive and unjustifiable.

Historical Perspective  Perceived Causes  movements of sun or moon  lunacy--full moon  evil spirits  Ancient Treatments  exorcism, caged like animals, beaten, burned, castrated, mutilated, blood replaced with animal’s blood

Early Theories Abnormal behavior was evil spirits trying to get out. Trephining was often used.

Early Theories trephening: Cutting a hole in the head of the afflicted to let out the evil spirit.

Early Theories Another theory was to make the body extremely uncomfortable

Philippe Pinel early hospitals early hospitals French doctor who was the first to take the chains off and declare that these people are sick and “a cure must be found!!!”

History of Mental Disorders In the 1800’s, disturbed people were no longer thought of as madmen, but as mentally ill. Did this mean better treatment? They were first put in hospitals.

DSM V 7:10 7:10 Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: the big book of disorders. DSM will classify disorders and describe the symptoms. DSM will NOT explain the causes or possible cures.

Early Mental Hospitals They were nothing more than barbaric prisons. The patients were chained and locked away. Some hospitals even charged admission for the public to see the “crazies”, just like a zoo.

Classifying Psychological Disorders

Current Perspectives crash 5:53 crash 5:53 Medical Perspective: psychological disorders are sicknesses and can be diagnosed, treated and cured. Bio-Psycho-Social Perspective: assumes biological, psychological and sociocultural factors combine to interact causing psychological disorders.

The Biopsychosocial Approach to Psychological Disorders

SANE OR INSANE ? A LEGAL TERM USED TO DETERMINE ONES ABILITY TO STAND TRIAL ; ALSO INFERS ONES MENTAL STATE DURING THE TIME THEY COMITTEDTHE CRIME; IS NOT USED IN THE FIELD OF PSYCHOLOGY, ONLY IN LAW

Anxiety Disorders crash course crash course a group of conditions where the primary symptoms are anxiety or defenses against anxiety. the patient fears something awful will happen to them. They are in a state of intense apprehension, uneasiness, uncertainty, or fear. Brain area??(a )

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) An anxiety disorder in which a person is continuously tense, apprehensive and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal. The patient is constantly tense and worried, feels inadequate, is oversensitive, can’t concentrate and suffers from insomnia.

Phobias A person experiences sudden episodes of intense dread. Must be an irrational fear. Phobia List agoraphobia

Panic Disorder An anxiety disorder marked by a minutes- long episode of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking and other frightening sensations.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder Sheldon has OCD Sheldon has OCD Persistent unwanted thoughts (obsessions) cause someone to feel the need (compulsion) to engage in a particular action. compulsion Obsession about dirt and germs may lead to compulsive hand washing.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder a.k.a. PTSD crash course crash course Flashbacks or nightmares following a person’s involvement in or observation of an extremely stressful event. Memories of the event cause anxiety.

Somatoform Disorders Occur when a person manifests a psychological problem through a physiological symptom. Two types……

Illness Anxiety Disorder (Hypochondriasis) Has frequent physical complaints for which medical doctors are unable to locate the cause. They usually believe that the minor issues (headache, upset stomach) are indicative are more severe illnesses.

Conversion Disorder Report the existence of severe physical problems with no biological reason. Like blindness or paralysis. Pol Pot

Dissociative Disorders These disorders involve a disruption in the conscious process.

Dissociative Identity Disorder crash course; 8:15 example #2 crash course; 8:15 example #2 Used to be known as Multiple Personality Disorder. A person has several rather than one integrated personality. People with DID commonly have a history of childhood abuse or trauma.

Mood Disorders crash course crash course Experience extreme or inappropriate emotion.

Major Depression Unhappy for at least two weeks which may have no apparent cause. Depression is the “common cold” of psychological disorders.

Dysthymic Disorder Suffering from mild depression every day for at least two years.

Depression

Seasonal Affective Disorder Experience depression during the winter months. Based not on temperature, but on amount of sunlight. Treated with light therapy.

Bipolar Disorder Todd 1 Todd 2 Todd 3 Todd 1 Todd 2 Todd 3 Formerly manic depression. Involves periods of depression and manic episodes. Manic episodes involve feelings of high energy (but they tend to differ a lot…some get confident and some get irritable). Engage in risky behavior during the manic episode.

Bipolar Disorder – Mania (manic) Overtalkative, overactive, elated, little need for sleep, etc. Depression – Bipolar disorder and creativity

Understanding Mood Disorders The Biological Perspective Genetic Influences – Mood disorders run in families Heritability Linkage analysis Biochemical influences – Norepinephrine and serotonin

Understanding Mood Disorders The Biological Perspective

Understanding Mood Disorders The Social-Cognitive Perspective Negative Thoughts and Moods Interact – Self-defeating beliefs Learned helplessness Overthinking – Explanatory style Stable, global, internal explanations –xxx

Understanding Mood Disorders Explanatory Style

Personality Disorders crash course crash course Well-established, maladaptive ways of behaving that negatively affect people’s ability to function. Dominates their personality.

Antisocial Personality Disorder despite the use of the outdated terminology-- despite the use of the outdated terminology-- Lack of empathy. Little regard for other’s feelings. View the world as hostile and look out for themselves. Lack impulse control,(frontal lobe) take action without thinking about consequences example

Histrionic Personality Disorder Needs to be the center of attention. Whether acting silly or dressing provocatively.

Narcissistic Personality Disorder example example Having an unwarranted sense of self-importance. Thinking that you are the center of the universe.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Etiology of Schizophrenia ( the study of causation ) #27 crash #27 crash course genetics, abnormal brain structure, and biochemistry(excess of dopamine) ‏ Diathesis-stress hypothesis – Genetic factors place the individual at risk, but environmental stress factors transform this potential into an actual schizophrenic disorder

Schizophrenic Disorders #26 #26 About 1 in every 100 people are diagnosed with schizophrenia. Symptoms of Schizophrenia 1.Disorganized thinking. 2.Disturbed Perceptions 3.Inappropriate Emotions and Actions

Disorganized Thinking The thinking of a person with Schizophrenia is fragmented and bizarre and distorted with false beliefs. Disorganized thinking comes from a breakdown in selective attention.- they cannot filter out information.

Delusions (false beliefs) Delusions of Persecution Delusions of Grandeur

Disturbed Perceptions Beautiful Mind clip Beautiful Mind clip hallucinations- sensory experiences without sensory stimulation.

Inappropriate Emotions and Actions Laugh at inappropriate times. Flat Affect Senseless, compulsive acts. Catatonia- motionless Waxy Flexibility

Positive v. Negative Symptoms Positive Symptoms Presence of inappropriate symptoms Negative Symptoms Absence of appropriate ones.

Types of Schizophrenia Realistic Schizophrenic Experience Realistic Schizophrenic Experience

Undifferentiated Schizophrenia Putting it all together-could Harry Potter been schizophrenic??? Putting it all together-could Harry Potter been schizophrenic??? Many and varied Symptoms.

Other Disorders Paraphilias (pedophilia, zoophilia, hybristophilia) Fetishism sadist, masochist Eating Disorders Substance use disorders ADHD

The Rosenhan Study Rosenhahn Study; :44 Rosenhahn Study; :44 Rosenhan’s associates were Malingering symptoms of hearing voices. They were ALL admitted for schizophrenia. None were exposed as imposters. They all left diagnosed with schizophrenia in remission. What are some of the questions raised by this study?

Do “Mental Disorders” really exist? Thomas Szasz: mental illness is a myth labeling: gives society the right to treat what are really social problems Once labelled, people can be treated for being “different”

Perspectives and Disorders Psychological School/PerspectiveCause of the Disorder Psychoanalytic/PsychodynamicInternal, unconscious drives HumanisticFailure to strive to one’s potential or being out of touch with one’s feelings. BehavioralReinforcement history, the environment. CognitiveIrrational, dysfunctional thoughts or ways of thinking. SocioculturalDysfunctional Society Biomedical/NeuroscienceOrganic problems, biochemical imbalances, genetic predispositions.