The First Political Parties EQ: How do governments change? Chapter 9, Lesson 3

Define Vocabulary: Ch. 9, Lesson 3 PartisanCaucusAliensSeditionNullify States’ rights

Pre-Reading Activity: pg Read the following pages, then answer the following (write questions): 1.Why was Washington’s cabinet divided? What issues did they disagree on? 2.What are the two political parties formed by 1796? Which two cabinet members led the new political parties? 3.List the beliefs and ideas of the two political parties: FederalistsRepublicans (Democratic Republicans, or Anti-Federalists)

Opposing Parties By 1796 Americans were beginning to separate into opposing groups. Economic polices Foreign relations How much power the federal government should have?

Federalists Washington “above” politics, but he was a Federalist Federalist party emerges John Adams & Alexander Hamilton John Adams & Alexander HamiltonCharacteristics 1.Pro industrial development 2.Pro British 3.Pro strong federal government 4.“Looser” interpretation of Constitution

Democratic -Republicans (D-Rs) Thomas Jefferson & James Madison Thomas Jefferson & James MadisonCharacteristics 1.Pro agriculture 2.Pro revolutionary France 3.Pro “common” man 4.Pro States rights 5.Strict interpretation of Constitution

Election of 1796 Presidential Election John Adams vs. Thomas Jefferson First time two parties held meetings = caucuses Adams wins with 71 electoral votes, Jefferson finished second. Constitution= Adams is President, Thomas Jefferson Vice-President John Adams vs. Thomas Jefferson

Activity: Presidential Buttons Create the Button (2 members) Reflect your party’s beliefs and ideas Catchy Slogan Name of your Party Candidate’s Name: John Adams or Thomas Jefferson Speech (2 members) Why did you all decided on this particular party? What does your party believe in? Why is your candidate great? Description (1 member) What symbols in the button represent your political party? Why did you chose that symbol?

John Adams Born in Massachusetts Became a lawyer Cousin to Samuel Adams Popularized argument “no taxation without representation” Young Adams Birthplace of John Adams

Adams: Foreign Policy Adams continued neutrality— stay out of war between Britain & France However, now French began attacking American ships trading with Britain However, now French began attacking American ships trading with Britain Adams sent diplomats to negotiate with French Adams sent diplomats to negotiate with French French (in distance) bearing down on damaged American ship

Adams: XYZ Affair The French foreign minister refused to see American diplomats Instead the French minister sends three French agents They demand $250,000 bribe to let Americans see French foreign minister Americans went home, instead (very upset!) Americans (at left) facing French bribe and demands, in US newspaper cartoon

Effect of XYZ Affair The French agents became known as XYZ Americans were outraged! Huge public outcry: “Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute!” Token handed out during XYZ Affair A59_8s

Adams: Domestic Policy As a result of the XYZ Affair people become suspicious of foreigners. Alien and Sedition Acts (1798) 1. Alien Act Authorized the president to deport any immigrant considered "dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States.” 2. Sedition Act made it a crime to publish any form of writing against the US government Fight in Congress during debate over Sedition Act, 1798

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions Claimed Alien and Sedition Acts violated the constitution. Should not be put into action States could nullify (legally overturn) federal laws that violated the constitution. The resolutions supported state rights Powers of the federal gov. should be limited moushistoricalfigures/johnadams/

Primary Source Activity #1: 1 st Amendment The First Amendment states: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. Write and answer the 3 questions

Primary Source Activity #2: Sedition Act The Sedition Act states: That if any person shall write, print, utter or publish, or shall cause to be written, printed, uttered or published, or shall knowingly and willingly assist or aid in writing, printing, or publishing any false, scandalous and malicious writing or writings against the government of the United states, or either house of the Congress of the United States, or the President of the United States… Write and answer the 3 questions

Primary Source Activity #3: Political Cartoon 1. What is happening in the cartoon, and how are the politicians reacting? 2. What does the cartoon suggest about politics of the era? Congress meeting, 1798