Cell Transport.

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Presentation transcript:

Cell Transport

Cell Transport = movement of molecules into and out of the cell

Two Main Types of Cell Transport Passive Transport 2. Active Transport

Passive Transport Passive transport – movement of particles across a cell membrane that requires NO energy

3 types of passive transport: 1 3 types of passive transport: 1. diffusion – movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration (“down a concentration gradient”)

Diffusion http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Diffusion.gif http://www.indiana.edu/~phys215/lecture/lecnotes/lecgraphics/diffusion.gif http://iweb.tntech.edu/mcaprio/diffusion-animated.gif

Things that increase rate of diffusion (speeds it up): ↑ stirring ↑ temperature ↑ surface area ↑ pressure ↑ concentration Eventually, all particles become evenly distributed (dynamic equilibrium).

Facilitated diffusion – diffusion with the Facilitated diffusion – diffusion with the help of transport proteins that are embedded in the cell membrane - some molecules are too big or polar (hydrophilic) to diffuse on their own

Osmosis – diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane - water will move from a high concentration of water to a low concentration of water - water always tries to reach an equal concentration on both sides of the membrane http://www.nextgenhydroponics.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/01/osmosis3.gif

Examples  … cell will SHRINK. If concentration of water is greater inside the cell …  … cell will SHRINK.

Examples  … cell will ENLARGE. If concentration of water is greater outside the cell …  … cell will ENLARGE.

Examples … cell will STAY THE SAME. If concentration of water is equal on both sides … … cell will STAY THE SAME.

Examples

Examples

Examples

Active Transport Active transport – movement of particles across a membrane from a low concentration to a high concentration (“against a concentration gradient”)

Active Transport - Requires ENERGY!!

Types of Active Transport Cell membrane pump - carrier protein “pumps” molecules against a gradient

Endocytosis – cell surrounds and takes up material such as food

3. Exocytosis – cell expels material such as wastes http://www.maxanim.com/physiology/Endocytosis%20and%20Exocytosis/Endocytosis%20and%20Exocytosis.htm http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/cellstructures/phagocitosis.swf