반드시 해야 할 것 해서는 안 되는 것

 박정 insight Speaking 저자  넥서스 final 120 Speaking 저자  넥서스 TSE Prep 저자  Complete Guide Sample essay 이 작성  박정 EDI Speaking 저자  전 이익훈 어학원에서 9 년간 강의  현 박정 어학원 Speaking 전임강사

 주로 대학생이 친숙한 주제, 특히 교내에서 학생들에게 대화거리가 될 수 있는 경험에 관한 주제를 5 개 영역에 서 다룬다. Time: 15 sec/ 45sec  주제 1. 사람 (people) 2. 사람에 관한 특징 (characteristic) 3. 장소 (place) 4. 사물 (object) 5. 사건 (event)

 Describe the most impressive person in your life.  Describe the most important characteristic to be a good co-worker.  Describe your favorite place in your city.  Describe the most memorable gift you have ever received.  Describe the most memorable event in your school days.

 각 5category 의 대표적인 문제에 대한 possible response 를 준 비해 두면 비슷한 주제가 나왔을 때답을 전개하는데 매우 유용 A person: father:1) a good role model 2) a good advisor A characteristic: trust, consideration 하나의 이유를 episode 로 만든다 A place: 1. town=> shopping mall 1) info. fm the place 2) 연관된 idea 2. a place to go => America 1) information for your studies 2) land marks: Empire s. build’ Statue lib. 3) beautiful scenery: Grand Canyon, N.fall.

 Object: violin from parents 1) make parents proud 2) relieve one’s stress Event: individual- birthday 1) a special gift 2) a special memory - drawing contest 1) build up confidence: won prize 2) build up social skills: make frds social- graduation, marathon 1) build up confidence 2) have a chance to plan their future 3) learn how to overcome difficulties

St 1: Thesis statement = 전체 주제 (7 sec) general ======> specific St 2: Topic st (reason) => ex, details (15s) general ======> specific St 3: Topic st (reason) => ex, details (15s) St 4: Con.=> restate the thesis st. (5s) (42~44 sec)

 Describe the most impressive person in your life.  Many people have given impressions to me in my life, but I think that the most impressive person is my father. First of all, he is a good role model as father. For example, he would cook a delicious food for us on weekends. We feel his love and warmness. I want to be a father like him. Also, he is a good advisor to me. I was a freshman in university, when I had to choose a major. At that time, he advised me to take electric engineering as my major. I followed his advice, and now I am really satisfied with my choice. That's why I think my father the most impressive person in my life.

 Describe the most important characteristic to be a good friend.  To be a good friend, a lot of characteristics are required, but I think that the most important characteristic is consideration. When I entered high school, there was an orientation for a couple of days. There was a mountain climbing course, so we had to walk through the forest. I was not good at climbing the mountain, so I could not catch up my friends. But one of my friends had waited for me and walked with me so that I could finish the course. It was a start to make friends with him, and since then, he has been the best friend of mine. This is the reason why I think consideration is the most important characteristic to be a good friend.

 Describe favorite place in your town.  I like several places in my town, but I like the shopping mall most for some reasons. First of all, there is a big bookstore in the shopping mall. In particular, I like novels, so I am used to go to the book store and buy some books. Since the bookstore have almost all the books recently published, it is easy to find the books which I want. Moreover, there is a movie theatre. I love to watch movies as well as novels, so I go to the theatre with my friends, and enjoy movies there. These are the reasons why the shopping mall is my favorite place in my town.

 Describe a place to go?  There are many places I want to go, but I’d like to go to America most for the following reasons. First of all, I can see huge landmarks there such as Empire State Building, Statue of Liberty, and so on. I have seen them many times on movies or TV programs, but I want to see them directly with my bare eyes. Second, there is beautiful scenery. For instance, there is Grand Canyon. We have no such an enormous canyon like that in my country, so I want to go there and feel magnificence of the nature. For these reasons, I’d like to go to America most.

 Describe the most memorable gift you have ever received.  My most memorable gift I have ever received is a laptop computer from my parents for my birthday gift. First, it helps me study efficiently. For example, I can write many reports with word processor in my laptop computer. Before I get it, I had to go to the computer room in the school and wait for my turn to do my homework. But now, I don’t have to waste time to wait. Second, I can relieve my stress. To be specific, I would play some computer games or surfing on websites with my laptop computer. I feel much of fun with games and web surfing as well as playing with my friends. For those reasons mentioned above, laptop computer is my most memorable present.

 Describe the most memorable event in your school days.  I think a radio assembling contest when I was in middle school is the most memorable event in my school days for some reasons. First, I built up confidence. I won the 1 st prize from the contest. Since then, I’ve believed I can do whatever I do and had my grades big improved. Second, I could build up social skills. During the contest, I met some friends. To be specific, I talked about the contest with them and exchanged some information about the contest. I learned that competitors can be a good friend. These are the reasons why I think the contest is the most memorable event in my school days.

 Describe the most memorable event in your life  Among several events in my life, the most memorable one is marathon last year for some reasons. First, I could build up confidence through the marathon, I chose 10km course. Although it was relatively short, I was very tired. I didn’t realize that I could finish the course, but I did. Since then, I’ve tried confidently whatever I do. Secondly, I learned how to overcome difficulties. Before the finishing line, I had difficulties in breathing and felt pain on my legs. I was about to give up, but I tolerated and controlled my mind so that I could finish the course. I learned how to deal with difficulties through it. These are the reasons why I think that the marathon is the most memorable event in my life.

 Topic: Your favorite city: Seoul General ====  Specific TS: ( ) => ( ) modern facil. -> hosp, edu, transf. TS: ( ) => ( ) entertainment => dancing cl, g/r, mv. cultural ev. => concert, play…

__________________, but _______________________ _______________________ for the following reasons. First, (G) _____________________________________ (S)___________________________________________ _____________________________________________ Second, (G) __________________________________ (S) __________________________________________ _____________________________________________ That’s why I __________________________________

 Describe your favorite city you have visited. Use specific reasons and example to support your answer

 I have visited many cities, but Seoul is my favorite city for the following reasons.  First, Seoul has a lot of modern facilities I can use in my daily life such as hospital, education, public transportation. For me, I commute to work by subway and I can travel very comfortably with nice heating in the winter and cooling in the summer.  Second, I can enjoy entertainment in Seoul. Whenever I stress out, I go to the movies and watch an action movie. while watching, I completely forget what happened around me and refreshed. So when I go back to my normal life, I can much more concentrate on my work.  These are the reasons why I love to live in Seoul.

 준비하는 15 초 – 간단히 frame work 만 짤 것  반드시 Frame work 에 맞춰 말할 것  45 초간 할 수 있는 분량을 조절 (6 ~8st)  Thesis st -  con., G -  Sp.  평소에 잘 사용하는 단어를 활용  Imagination based on test 임을 명심  Idea test 가 아님을 명심  좀 over 해서 말하자 – 발음, 억양 등  Confidence 가 가장 중요함을 명심  너무 문법에 연연하지 말 것 – 말하고 생각  친구에게 이야기 하듯 자연스럽게

 두 가지 가능한 행위나 상황을 주고 그 중 하나를 선택해 전개하는 선택형 문제형식 15/45 sec Type 1: 동일 주제에 대해 두 가지 중 선택 (80%)  Some people think it is better to eat at home, while others think it is better to eat at restaurants. Which do you think is the better? Include specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

 Type 2: agree or disagree (20%)  대립되는 두 주제가 주어지고 어느 의견에 동의하 는지를 묻는 유형의 문제 15/45 sec.  Do you agree that television has been harmful for children? Include specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

St 1: Thesis statement = 전체 주제 (7 sec) general ======  specific St 2: Topic st (= reason) => ex, details (15s) general ======  specific St 3: Topic st (= reason) => ex, details (15s) St 4: Con.=> restate the thesis statement (5s) (42~44sec)

 Topic: eating at home or at a restaurant Your preference: Eating at home General ====> Specific TS: ( ) => ( ) healthy food -> X chem. -> M.S.G TS: ( ) => ( ) Save money ===> X tax, tip, labor

__________________, but I prefer _______________ ______________________ for a couple of reasons. First of all, (G) _______________________________ (S)___________________________________________ ______________________________________________ Secondly, (G) _________________________________ (S) ___________________________________________ ______________________________________________ These are the reasons why I __________________

 반대 의견을 언급하면서 시작 (opinion opp.)  Devel.: thesis stat. => con.  Devel.: General => Specific  선택한 것의 장점과 선택하지 않는 것의 단점 비교 ( 부분적으로 ) <= 신뢰를 획득  한 쪽을 선택 할 것  Logical devel. 와 natural speed  Pick up distinctive advantage

 Some people think it is better to eat at home, while others think it is better to eat at restaurants. Which do you think is the better? Include specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

 I prefer eating at home to eating at restaurants for a couple of reasons. First of all, I can enjoy healthy dishes by eating at home. When my mom cooks at home, she usually tries to use less chemical ingredients such as M.S.G, sugar, salt etc; however, the restaurant uses a lot of those elements to make taste better. Secondly, I can save money by eating home made food. I pay for tips, tax, and labor when I go to restaurants which is an extra cost to eat, but I don’t need to pay for those at home. These are the reasons why I love eating at home.

 Reading: 주로 대학 내에서 일어날 수 있는 주제의 짧은 발표문이나 발표문 에 대한 학생의 편지의 일 부분 (75 ~100: 45 sec)  Listening: 두 학생의 토론 대화 내용을 듣고 - 3 번 주고 받는 대화  Question: 한 학생의 의견 - 주로 대화를 이끄는 사람 (30/60sec)  두 자료에 관한 정보와 의견을 이해하고 요약하는 능력이 요구

 1. 대학 정책  2. 규칙 또는 절차  3. 대학의 계획들 - 대학의 시설들, 또는 캠퍼스 생 활의 질 Ex) a new parking rule, a new university policy restricting the use of radios in dormitory rooms, a new football stadium.

 Title  Topic  Two reasons  Note take w/in 45sec. => Topic -> reason 1 -> reason 2

 Agree 할 경우 : positive point of view w/ reasons on Ann.  Disagree 할 경우 : Negative point of view w/ reasons on Ann.

 M: 대화의 리더 : 발표문에 대한 찬, 반 언급으로 시작  W: 남자의 의견에 동조하든지 반대의견  M: 찬, 반에 대한 첫째 이유 (=RC: 첫 번째 이유 )  W: 동조한 경우 => 다시 맞장구, 반대할 경우 => 자신의 의견제시  M: 찬, 반에 대한 두 번째 이유 (=RC: 두 번째 이유 )  W: 동조한 경우 => 다시 맞장구, 반대한 경우 => 주로 남자의 의견에 동조하는 것으로 바뀜

 St 1: Thesis statement – 주제 (10sec)  St 2: First reason + details (20sec)  St 3: Second reason + details (20sec)  St 4: Conclusion (7sec)  (57 sec)

The man (dis)agrees _____________________ _____ He has two reasons for holding his opinion. The first reasons is that (G) __ ____________________________________________________________ _ (s)_________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ _ The second reason is that (G) _______________________ ____________________________________________________________ _ (S)_________________________________________________________ Therefore, the (wo)man feels that _________________ ____________________________________________________________ _

대화에서 주어진 예시를 구체적 증거로 활용하여 이 보다 상위 개념으로 general 를 만들면 쉽게 이를 만 들 수 있고 자연스럽게 paraphrase 도 되어 좋다 Ex1) 문제에서 rose 가 나오면 그 상위 개념인 flower 로 general 을 만들 수 있다. Ex2) library => facility

 Announcement 를 절대 인위적으로 요약 하지 말 것  인칭대명사로 시작하지 말 것 ex) He, She  문제에서 지정된 사람의 의견만을 요약  Ann. 에서 문장을 copy 하지 말 것  자신의 의견을 첨가하거나, 임의적으로 해석하지 말고, distort 하지 말 것  대화에서 주어진 정보를 paraphrase 할 것

 주제 : academic subject 에 대한 강의  구성 Reading: 75~100 words w/ 45sec. 1. 제목 2. 주제 대한 배경 Listening: Lecture 주제에 대한 one or two examples

Biology, psychology 가 가장 보편적 주제 1. Type 1: psychology (80%) Terminology => definition 2. Type 2: 일반 주제 (biology) (20%) 첫 번째 부분 : 주제에 대한 일반적 배경지식 두 번째 부분 : 주제를 highlight => 두 가지 예 3. Type 3: business (psychology 와 관련 ) Two examples: ex) ad.

1. Psychology: posit. vs negative Ex) human behavior, experiment 2. Biology (+ecology) 1) camouflage:1. adaptation: cuttlefish, octop. 2. coloration: zebra, lizard Them: survival 2) population : nature controls it by itself 3. Business : maximize their profits by selling promotion (ad, prize strategy. etc)

 St 1: 주제 말하기 (7 sec)  St 2: Main idea (8 sec)  St 3: 두 가지 예 + details (40 sec)  St 4: 결론 (5sec) (57 sec)

The lecture is mainly about _______________________ According to this lecture, the professor explains __ ___________________________by giving two examples. First, he gives _____________________ as an example of it. In specific, __________________________________ __________________________________________________ He also gives __________________________________ as another example of it. For instance, _______________ __________________________________________________ Therefore, the professor thinks ___________________

 Reading passage 를 인위적으로 요약하지 말 것  Reading passage 의 정보를 이용해 듣기에서 주어질 예를 예측하면서 들을 것  문제의 특징을 이해할 것 (example question)  모든 강의 내용을 이해하려 하지 말 것 - 주제와 예만 요약  필요한 정보를 paraphrase

 대학생에게 대학생활에서 발생될 수 있는 문제와 그에 대한 두 가지의 해결책에 관한 두 학생의 대 화  문제의 이해와 해결 방안을 요약하는 능력  선호하는 해결 방법을 선택해 그 이유를 개인적인 경험이나 지식을 이용해 답 전개

 Dialogue: 대화자 : 1) 두 학생간, 2) 학생과 교수, 3) 학생과 대학 staff 중 한 사람, 4) 교수와 교수  Subject:1) 학교 수업, 2) 대학 생활의 문제점  Question: 4 가지 질문 - 지정된 학생의 문제점은 ? - 다른 학생이 제안한 두 가지 해결 방법은 ? - 선호하는 해결 방법은 선택하고 그 이유는 ?

 M: 인사로 대화시작  W: 대응인사와 문제점을 일반적으로 언급  M: 문제점에 대한 반응 (What’s the matter?)  W: 문제점을 구체적으로 언급  M: 첫 번째 해결책 제시  W: 첫 번째 해결책에 대한 반응 ( 주로 부정적 )  M: 두 번째 해결책 제시  W: 두 번째 해결책에 대한 반응 ( 긍정적, 부정적 )

 St 1: 주제 : 문제점 (8sec)  St 2: First suggestion + problem (12sec)  St 3: Second sugg. (=preference) + own reasons (35 sec)  St 4: 결론 (5sec) (57 sec)

The (wo)man’s problem is that (s)he __________________ _________________________________________________ The woman first suggests (proposes) that (s)he ________ _________________________________________________ _______, but the problem is _________________________ _________________________________________________ I think the other idea, like, ___________________________ is better for some reasons. Firstly, (G) -> (s) ___________ _________________________________________________ Secondly, (G) -> (s)_________________________________ _________________________________________________ Thus, I support ____________________________________

 Summary => 1/3, opinion => 2/3  비법틀에 맞춰 답을 전개  선택에 대한 이유는 2 가지 – 주어진 정보 - 개인적인 경험

 교수의 강의의 일부를 듣고 그 강의의 Main idea 와 강의에서 주어진 구체적 예를 요약  4 번 보다 다양한 주제와 다양한 형식의 예 => 거의 모든 분야 : 경제, 심리학, 생물학, 인문사 회학, 역사학 등  Academic 한 강의의 주요 정보를 이해하고 요약하 는 능력

 첫 부분 : 1) 개념의 정의, 2) issue 를 highlight, 3) 어떤 현상의 소개  두 번째 부분 : 첫 소주제 : 첫 부분에서 언급된 중요 한 면을 토론하거나, 첫 부분에 관계된 관점 토론  세 번째 부분 : 실질적인 예를 제시 두, 세 단계 반복  두 번째 부분 : 두 번째 소주제 : 첫 부분에서 언급된 중요한 면을 토론하거나, 첫 부분에 관계된 관점 토론  세 번째 부분 : 실질적인 예를 제시

 St 1: 주제 (7sec)  St 2: main idea (8sec)  St 3: 두 가지 -1) Topic ( 예, 방법, 요소 ): specific 2) Topic ( 예, 방법, 요소 ): specific (40sec)  St 4: 결론 (5sec) (60sec)

The main topic of the lecture is __________________ ________________________The professor taught the students _____________________________________ The first example (method) is (G)_________________ (S)___________________________________________ _____________________________________________ Another one is (G)_____________________________ (S)___________________________________________ _____________________________________________ Through this lecture, the professor (thinks)________

 문제에서 요구한 정보 요약 : 주제와 두 가지 요약  필요한 강의 내용 이해 – 주제, 두 가지 sth.  자신의 의견을 첨가하지 말 것  임의적으로 해석하지 말 것  진부하게 요약하지 말 것 ex) first,...second,... Third,...  강의에서 주어진 정보를 이용하여 답 전개할 때 단 순히 copy 하지 말고 paraphrase 할 것 - 자신의 단어, 문장의 형태, 구조 변경