THE CONCEPT OF COLOR & COLOR MODELS

COLOR The perception of color is achieved by a complex process that starts in the retina and it will be finalized in the visual cortex and associative areas of the brain. Light is electromagnetic radiation that is visible to the human eye, and is responsible for the sense of sight. Color vision is the capacity of an organism to distinguish objects based on the wavelengths of the light they reflect, emit, or transmit.

WHAT DO WE NEED TO SEE THE COLOR? 1.A source of light 2.An object (to reflect) 3.A visioner (human eye)

1. SOURCE OF LIGHT The visible spectrum is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye. Color categories and physical specifications of color are also associated with objects, materials, light sources, etc., based on their physical properties such as light absorption, reflection, or emission spectra.

2. AN OBJECT Objects transform the lights. Pigments in the objects sometimes reflect different wavelenghts, sometimes transmit them. Those reflected are perceived by our eyes as colors.

3. VISIONER Physically, objects can be said to have the color of the light leaving their surfaces, which normally depends on the spectrum of the incident illumination and the reflectance properties of the surface, as well as potentially on the angles of illumination and viewing. Some objects not only reflect light, but also transmit light or emit light themselves, which contribute to the color also. And a viewer's perception of the object's color depends not only on the spectrum of the light leaving its surface, but also on a host of contextual cues, so that the color tends to be perceived as relatively constant: that is, relatively independent of the lighting spectrum, viewing angle, etc.

RGB COLOR MODEL The RGB color model is an additive color model in which red, green, and blue light is added together in various ways to reproduce a broad array of colors. RGB colors are known as primary additives because when combined in equal amounts they produce white. The main purpose of the RGB color model is for the sensing, representation, and display of images in electronic systems, such as televisions and computers.

CMYK COLOR MODEL The CMYK color model is used in the printing process. The four-color printing process uses four printing plates; one for cyan, one for magenta, one for yellow and one for black. When the colors are combined on paper (they are actually printed as small dots), the human eye sees the final image.

COLOR & TONALITY SCHEMES Monochrome Color Scheme

COLOR & TONALITY SCHEMES Analogue Color Scheme

COLOR & TONALITY SCHEMES Supplemental Color Scheme

COLOR & TONALITY SCHEMES Segmented Supplemental Color Scheme

COLOR & TONALITY SCHEMES Triadic Color Scheme

COLOR & TONALITY SCHEMES Tetradic Color Scheme

TONAL CONTRAST Two colors, side by side, interact with one another and change our perception accordingly. Since we rarely see colors in isolation. The orange, appears on red background more yellowish; on the other hand it appears reddish on yellow background. Tonal contrast is simply the difference between the light and dark areas.

COMPLEMENTARY CONTRAST Complementary contrast is most intense when the two colors are complementary colors. Complementary colors are pairs of colors, diametrically opposite on a color circle. Orange complements blue. A neutral color like grey on these complementary colors, has the potential of reflecting the tonalities of one an other. Which means; the grey on blue gives orange reflections and vice versa.

LUMINANCE DIFFERENCES Natural gray, appears on light gray background darker; on the other hand it appears lighter on dark background.

MEANING OF COLORS Red is the color of blood and fire. At the same time, it is identified with energy, war, danger, power, and the tension, passion, desire and love. It is an emotionally intense color. It triggers of human metabolism, increases blood pressure and accelerates breathing. There is a high visibility, it is preferred for stop signs and hazard systems. It refers to the courage. The red pushes other images at the background. It facilitates people to take immediate decisions. It gives erotic sensations. It is energetic, lively and often used in matters of physical properties.

Shades of

Light red: joy, sexuality, passion, sensitivity and love

Pink: Romance, love, friendship, women's image

Dark red: Anger, resentment, courage, leadership

Brown: Balance, male image

MEANING OF COLORS Orange is the combination of the energy of red and the happiness of yellow. It is identified with joy, the shining sun and tropical images. The keywords are; Curiosity, excitement, astonishment, creativity, happiness, success, encouragement, charm. Orange is a hot color and has a heater effect. In contrast, the orange is not as aggressive as red. It increases the amount of oxygen in the brain, it accelerates the intellectual activity. It is addressed to young people more. It is reminiscent of appetite and healthy nutrients. Orange also symbolizes t he strength and permanence. There is a very high visibility. It is used to attract attention.

Shades of

Dark orange: Insecurity and frustration

Red-orange: desire, sexual passion, satisfaction, dominance, aggression, activity orientation

Gold: prestige. Enlightenment, hope, health and high quality.

MEANING OF COLORS Yellow is the color of sunlight. Keywords are; Joy, happiness and it is identified with the energy and mentalpower. It has a heater effect. It enhances mental activity, gives joy, supports mus cle strength. It is associated with meals. Pure yellow is striking. In some cases, it may be inconvenient. For example, babies cry more than most yellow rooms. It is detected more on black than the other colors. Yellow is the color of the proud. It is used for transmitting feelings of joy and happiness. In male perception it is a childish color. Yellow is a color that is unbalanced and spontaneous. Light yellow, will be lost when combined with white and dark colors should be used. Shades of yellow are extremely attractive.

Shades of

Light yellow: Intelligence, freshness, joy

Dark yellow: attention, fall, illness, jealousy

MEANING OF COLORS Green is the color of nature. It symbolizes growth, development, harmony, freshness, and fertility. It gives a sense of security. Dark green is associated directly with the money. It has a “heater” energy. It is the most relaxing color to human eye. Gives the image of balance and persistence. Some greens can symbolize the lack of experience. It is a sign of hope. When it is used against the green it definetly means “the security”. It used in conjunction with health and nature.

Shades of

Dark green: jealousy, greed, excessive passion

Yellow - green: the disease, disharmony, jealousy

Blue green: protection and emotional warmth

Olive green: Traditionally, the color of peace.

MEANING OF COLORS It is the color of the sky and the sea. The feelings that it spears are depth and balance. Trust, dignity, integrity, intelligence, accurately are some concepts and and identifies with the heaven. It slows down the human metabolism, gives a soothing effect. Reminds us of appetite.Evokes the peace and quiet, sincerity and compassion, and piety as well. Gives a sense of cleanliness. Consciousness and intelligence are connected to blue color. Emotionally, it is the opposite of red, yellow and orange.

Shades of

Dark blue: knowledge, power, adaptability, seriousness

Light blue: health care, treatment, tranquility, understanding, softness

MEANING OF COLORS Purple owns the balance of the blue and the energy of the red. Directly related to the nobility. It is identified by the words; luxurious, noble, strong, passionate. Wisdom, dignity, independence, creativity are the concepts. It evokes the magic and mystery. This is favorite color for children. It is known as an artificial color, in nature it is rarely found.

Shades of

Violet: the image of women, romance, nostalgia

Bright purple: child

Dark purple: Fear, bad feelings

MEANING OF COLORS Light, goodness, purity, virginity is directly related to this color. It is the color of perfection.Its feelings are; Cleanliness, safety, purity reveals. Unlike black it includes affirmation. It symbolizes the faith.

MEANING OF COLORS Power, formality, elegance, death, evil, and mystery. It is the color offear and uncertainty. There is a negative perception. It evokes durability and authority.It reflects prestige. It increases sense of depth. It obtructs the visibility of the things when it is used as a background. On the other hand it has an ability to revealing the other colors. It is used to create color contrast.