TISSUES, GLANDS, AND MEMBRANES Chapter 4

Objectives  Name the 4 main groups of tissues and give location and characteristics  Describe the difference between exocrine and endocrine glands and give examples  Give examples of circulating, generalized, and structural connective tissues  Describe 3 types of epithelial membranes  List several types of connective tissue membranes  Explain the difference between benign and malignant tumors and give examples  List signs of cancer  List 6 methods of diagnosing cancer  Describe 3 traditional methods of treating cancer

Histology  The study of tissue

4 main types : Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and Nervous Tissue Classification

Epithelial Tissue Covers surfaces, lines cavities, organs and ducts  3 shapes: squamous, cuboidal, columnar  2 arrangements: simple or stratified  Has special functions  Glands: exocrine and endocrine

Connective Tissue Supports, binds, and forms the framework of the body  3 different types: circulating, generalized and structural  Circulating contains blood and lymph  Generalized is either loose or dense  Structural associated with cartilage and bone

Muscle Tissue Contracts to produce movement  3 types: skeletal, cardiac and smooth  Skeletal is voluntary and is striated  Cardiac is involuntary and contains intercalated discs  Smooth is involuntary and not striated

Nervous Tissue Provides central control  Made up of neurons  Makes up brain, nerves and spinal cord  Can be myelinated or unmyelinated  Supported by neuroglia

Membranes  Types are serous, mucous and cutaneous  Types are synovial, fascia, pericardium, periosteum, and perichondrium Epithelial Membranes Connective Tissue Membranes

* Any abnormal growth of cells is called a tumor Benign and Malignant Tumors

Benign Tumors  Localized (they do not spread)  Can be harmful  Examples: Lipoma, Angioma, Nevus

Malignant Tumors  Invades tissues and spreads to other locations  Two main categories: Carcinoma and Sarcoma  Examples: Breast, Lung, Skin, Leukemia

Early treatment is key!! Unusual bleeding or discharge Persistent Indigestion Chronic hoarseness or cough Changes in color or size of moles Sores that do not heal Presence of an unusual lump White patches inside of mouth or on tongue Symptoms of Cancer ** Late symptoms include weight loss and pain

Early detection leads to more successful treatment Diagnosis of Cancer

Methods for Detecting and Diagnosing  Microscopic study  Ultrasound  CT  MRI  PET  Genetic Markers Cancer is classified according to size of tumor and extent of invasion

Treatment of Cancer  Surgical removal  Radiation  Chemotherapy (drugs)  Immunotherapy, hormones and inhibitors

Freebie… ***Please visit the website for the ACS to learn more and come back with how cancer has affected your life. ***Remember that it is the patients life and wishes we need to respect.  The American Cancer Society reports that 1in 2 men and 1in 3 women will have some form of cancer in their lifetime!  2 nd killer in America after Heart disease