The Animal Kingdom Objective 5.3

Symmetry Review There are 3 types of symmetry Bilateral- body parts can be split into two equal halves Radial- body parts arranged in a circle Asymmetrical- body parts in no definite shape

Vertebrates Animals with a backbone

Endothermic vs. Ectothermic Endotherms are animals who control their own internal body temperature Ectotherms are animals whose body does not produce much internal heat

Invertebrates Animals without a backbone 97% of animals are invertebrates Many different types of invertebrates: Sponges, Cnidarians, Worms, Echinoderms, Mollusks, Arthropods.

Sponges Habitat- mostly oceans They have no organs Like plants because they are sessile, but unlike plants because they do not make their own food They are asymmetrical Reproduce both sexually (externally) and asexually Budding is one form of asexual reproduction. A small growth forms on the parent organism and then breaks off to form a new sponge.

Cnidarians Invertebrates that have a central body cavity and use stinging cells to capture prey Cnidarians reproduce sexually(externally) and asexually. Budding is the most important form. They exhibit Radial symmetry. Only adults can move.

Worms Worms have long, narrow bodies, no legs. They have organs and tissues. Worms reproduce sexually and asexually They exhibit bilateral symmetry. There are round, flat, and segmented worms. They extend and contract to pull forward.

Echinoderms They have an endoskeleton made of hardened plates. Reproduce by external fertilization Exhibit radial body symmetry Examples include sea stars, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers. They move by using a water vascular system and tube feet.

Mollusks Have a soft body covered by a shell Mollusks reproduce sexually. They exhibit bilateral symmetry. Examples include gastropods (snails and slugs), bivalves (oysters and clams), and cephalopods (octopi and squid) Gastropods have a muscular foot Bivalves are sessile. Cephalopods move by jet propulsion. Most have an open circulatory system, as opposed to blood being enclosed in a network of blood vessels.

Arthropods Have exoskeleton, segmented bodies, and jointed appendages They reproduce sexually. They exhibit bilateral symmetry. Arthro- means joint and podos- means leg in Greek Examples include crustaceans, arachnids, centipedes, and insects Method of locomotion- legs and wings

Complete Metamorphosis Egg Larva Pupa Adult

Incomplete metamorphosis Egg Nymph Larger Nymph Adult

Vertebrates There are five vertebrate groups: birds, reptiles, amphibians, mammals, and fish. Vertebrates are classified as endothermic (warm-blooded) or ectothermic (cold- blooded). Invertebrates are not classified this way. Mammals and birds are endothermic. Reptiles, amphibians, and fish are ectothermic.