Chapter 4 Section 4-3: Kingdoms

Chapter 4-3: Kingdoms Objectives: Name the three domains and four kingdoms of organisms and list characteristics of each. Explain the importance of bacteria and fungi in the environment. Describe the role of protists in the ocean environment. Describe how organisms interact and depend on each other for survival.

Chapter 4-3: Kingdoms

Archea & Bacteria Domain Archaea differ from bacteria in their genetics and the makeup of their cell wall. Domain Bacteria are microscopic, unicellular organisms that usually have a cell wall and reproduce by cell division. Typically Rods & Spiral shaped. - Unlike all other organisms, bacteria and archaea lack nuclei. - Bacteria and habitat Archaea live in every on Earth, from hot springs to the bodies of animals.

Chapter 4-3: Kingdoms

Domain Eukarya Kingdom Protista Protists are diverse organisms that belong to the kingdom Protista. Some, like amoebas, are animal-like. Others are plantlike, such as kelp, and some resemble fungi. Most protists are unicellular, microscopic organisms  Autotrophic to heterotrophic  Asexual / Sexual Reproduction  Pathogenic to benefical

Chapter 4-3: Kingdoms Kingdom Protista Mobility  How Protists move:  Flagellum (Long whip-like tail)  Cilia (Short hair-like projections)  Pseudopod (False Foot)

Chapter 4-3: Kingdoms Domain Eukarya kingdom Fungi A fungus is an organism whose cells have nuclei, rigid cell walls, and no chlorophyll and that belongs to the kingdom Fungi.  - Fungi get their food by releasing chemicals that help break down organic matter, and then absorbing the nutrients.  - The bodies of most fungi are huge networks of threads that grow through the soil, dead wood, or other material on which the fungus is feeding.

Chapter 4-3: Kingdoms Kingdom Fungi Ecological Roles of Fungi: Decomposers Recycle nutrients Symbiotic Relationships Lichen Fungi & Algaie Typical pioneer species in ecosystem Establishes soil from bare Rock Mycorrhizae Fungi & Plants Helps plants absord more water

Chapter 4-3: Kingdoms Domain Eukarya Kingdom Plantae - Plants are multicellular organisms that make their own food using light energy from the sun and have cell walls. - Most plants live on land where they use their leaves to get sunlight, oxygen, and carbon dioxide from the air. While absorbing nutrients and water from the soil using their roots.

Chapter 4-3: Kingdoms Domain Eukarya Kingdom Plantae Vascular Vs. Non-Vascular Plants with no vascular tissue are called nonvascular plants. Nonvascular plants lack specialized conducting tissues, roots, stems, and leaves, so water must move from the environment throughout the plant. Nonvascular plants such as mosses, live in damp places

Chapter 4-3: Kingdoms Bryophytes non- vascular land plants Pteridophyte s seedless vascular plants *Gymnosperm pollen & “naked” seeds *Angiosper m flowers & fruit pollen & seeds vascular system = water conduction colonization of land Tracheophytes xylem cells = tracheids Ancestral Protist Pines, firs, etc

Chapter 4-3: Kingdoms Domain Eukarya Kingdom Animalia  - Animals cannot make their own food. They must take it in from the environment. - Animal cells have no cell walls, so their bodies are soft and flexible. - Although, some animals have evolved hard skeletons against which their muscles can pull to move their bodies.

Chapter 4-3: Kingdoms Domain Eukarya Kingdom Animalia Heterotrophs Must ingest other organisms for nutrients Multicellular Complex bodies / organisms No Cell Walls Allows full / active movement Sexual Reproduction No alternation of generations No haploid gametophyte

Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes spongesjellyfishflatworms roundworms Nematoda MolluscaArthropoda Chordata AnnelidaEchinodermata mollusks multicellularity Ancestral Protist tissues bilateral symmetry body cavity segmentation Animal Evolution coelom starfishvertebrates endoskeleton segmented worms insects spiders backbone specialization &  body complexity specialized structure & function, muscle & nerve tissue distinct body plan; cephalization  body complexity  digestive & repro sys  digestive sys  body size redundancy, specialization,  mobility  body & brain size,  mobility radial bilateral Chapter 4-3: Kingdoms

Classication Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species