Chapter 16 “Life at the Turn of the Twentieth Century” Sec. 3 “The World of Jim Crow”

Vocabulary Poll tax Grandfather clause Segregation Jim Crow Plessy v. Ferguson Lynching NAACP

1. How were African Americans discriminated against after Reconstruction? Voting restrictions (poll tax, literacy tests, & grandfather classes) Segregation-Jim crow laws Facilities designated for blacks were almost always inferior

2. How did African Americans resist this discrimination? black leaders began to speak out against lynching and to seek new approaches to race problems. Episcopal church advocated black pride and emigration to Africa supported legal cases against segregation and gave financial support for civil rights and black businesses

3. How was lynching used to intimidate African Americans? Victims would overstepped their status as second-class citizens or had shown too little respect to whites. Occasionally they were in financial competition with whites. Purpose: keep them as 2 nd class citizens

4. When and why was the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People formed? a national conference on the “Negro Question” held Leaders of the Niagara Movement attended. purpose was to abolish segregation and discrimination, to oppose racism, and to gain civil rights for African Americans.

5. How did Plessy v. Ferguson contribute to the denial of equal rights for African Americans? The Court stated that the 14 th amendment was “not intended to give Negroes social equality but only political and civil equality.” The “equal” part of the “separate-but-equal” ruling in Plessy proved hard to enforce, African American schools and facilities in the South were rarely if ever made equal.

Review Prepare your response cards

In 1910, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People began fighting for A) unions. B) civil rights. C) segregation. D) Jim Crow laws.

B) civil rights.

In the case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court decided that A) black schools were inferior to white schools. B) segregation was illegal. C) blacks had the right to vote. D) segregation was legal.

Ida B. Wells was a A) noted African American writer and civil rights activist. B) white social worker who had worked in black neighborhoods. C) conductor on the Underground Railroad. D) co-founder of the Tuskegee Institute.

A) noted African American writer and civil rights activist.

Jim Crow laws were intended to A) end racial discrimination. B) give African Americans the right to vote. C) prevent African Americans from exercising their rights. D) force African Americans to move to the South.

C) prevent African Americans from exercising their rights.

Poll taxes and literacy tests in the South were intended to A) keep African Americans from voting. B) improve the quality of voters. C) ensure that local financial coffers were not depleted. D) raise the educational standards of the communities.

A) keep African Americans from voting.

What organization was founded during a national convention organized by social worker Mary White Ovington? A) the Niagara Movement B) the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People C) the Chicago Women's Club D) the Women's Christian Temperance Union

B) the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

True/False Discrimination was also widespread in the South, but it was in the North that the color line was clearly drawn in all aspects of daily life.

False Discrimination in North All aspects of life in South

True/False Grandfather laws exempted men from certain voting restrictions if they had already voted, or if they had ancestors (grandfathers) who had voted prior to blacks being granted suffrage.

True

True/False In the Plessy v. Ferguson case, The Fourteenth Amendment, the Court stated, was “not intended to give Negroes social equality but only political and civil equality.”

True

True/False In the early 1900s, African American mutual aid and benefit societies decreased, and social workers and church groups closed settlement houses in black neighborhoods.

False