Examining the Civil Rights Movement and the changing role of women. USII 9a

Vocabulary II.9a 1.Segregation: separation according to race 2.Discrimination: unfair treatment of people based on their race, gender, religion, or culture

Effects of Segregation USII.9a Essential Questions: 1.What were some of the effects of segregation on American society?

History Civil War ended slavery Reconstruction – Freedoms taken away – African Americans faced discrimination

History 1800s & 1900s – Jim Crow laws made segregation legal in the South – Separate schools & educational resources – Separate Public facilities

History 1896: Plessy v. Ferguson – Separate but Equal – Made segregation legal – Separated African Americans from White society

Segregation Plessy v. Ferguson Separate but Equal (Effects of Segregation) Separate Educational Facilities (Schools, Colleges) Separate Public Facilities (restrooms, restaurants, etc.) Social Isolation (can’t be friends) Page 42

Importance of the effects of segregation on society: CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS TO ALL CITIZENS ARE BEING VIOLATED

Vocabulary II.9a 4.Brown v. Board of Education: 1954 Supreme Court ruling that desegregated schools and ended Plessy v. Ferguson 5.Desegregation: remove the laws that separate races 6.Passive resistance: demonstrating opposition to a law by nonviolent acts such as fasting (not eating) or marching in protest

Civil Rights Movement USII.9a Essential Questions: 1.How did the African American struggle for equality become a mass movement? 2.How did the law support the struggle for equality for African Americans?

Opposition to Plessy v. Ferguson 1950s: African Americans began to tire of decades of discrimination and segregation.

Brown v. Board of Education The Federal Court ruled against the Browns to have daughter admitted to all- white school Appealed the decision to the Supreme Court and won. 1954: Brown v. Board of Education led to the desegregation of public schools in America.

Montgomery Bus Boycott December 1955: Montgomery, Alabama Rosa Parks took a seat in the “Whites Only” section (the front) of the public bus. A white man boarded the bus and Rosa Parks refused to move to the back of the bus for him. The bus driver had her arrested. She was tried and convicted of breaking the Jim Crow laws in Montgomery.

Her arrest angered African- Americans in Montgomery, who decided to boycott the public bus system. The boycott lasted for 13 months under the leadership of a young Montgomery minister, Martin Luther King, Jr. Rosa Parks, “The Mother of the Civil Rights Movement”

The Supreme Court ruled that segregation on public transportation was unconstitutional, a violation of the 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. – All persons born in the United States are citizens of the United States – No State shall make or enforce any law which shall take away the rights of citizens of the United States; – No State shall deprive any person of life, liberty, or property…; nor deny to any person the same protection of the laws.

Martin Luther King, Jr. Dr. King believed that passive resistance against segregation was the best way to change the system. King, and those who agreed with him, led organized protests, sit-ins, and marches to challenge segregation.

Organized protests, sit-ins, and marches... OFYmA (01-21:00)

1960s: Freedom Riders rode public interstate transportation through the deep South to test Jim Crow laws

One march occurred in Washington, DC in ,000 marchers gathered at the Lincoln Memorial to show support for a Civil Rights law that was being voted on by Congress. King delivered his famous speech.

“I have a dream...” 1w (7:10- )

NAACP Formed in 1909, it is the oldest civil rights organization in the U.S. 1950s and 1960s:  Fought for desegregation  Helped organize Montgomery bus boycott  Helped organize the march on Washington Today: 2,000 local chapters across the country Hundreds of college and youth chapters Over 500,000 members

Legislation (laws) -Lyndon B. Johnson- 1964: Civil Rights Act – Ended discrimination in public facilities – Ended discrimination in employment – Ended discrimination in government 1965: Voting Rights Act – Ended discrimination in voting practices (took away poll taxes and literacy tests)

Importance of Movement for African American Civil Rights: VIOLATIONS OF CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS ARE BEING CHALLENGED, AND SUPPORT FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS IS GROWING AROUND THE U.S. AND THE WORLD

Civil Rights Movement Rosa Parks Opposed Plessy v. Ferguson “Separate but Equal” Brown v. Board of Education (desegregated schools) NAACP expanded Marches MLK, Jr. People Freedom Rides Passive Resistance Sit-insProtests “I have a dream…” Montgomery Bus Boycott

The Children's March May 2, 1963 (Pt. I) May 3, 1963 (Pt. II) (30:05-35:24) Life Magazine Issue – May 17, ILIBw&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=life%20magazine%20issues%201963&f=false President Kennedy address on Civil Rights g

Workplace Disadvantages for Women USII.9a Essential questions: 1.How were women disadvantaged in the workplace? 2.What actions were taken to improve conditions for women?

The Civil Rights Movement inspired women to try to gain equality for themselves. More and more women are working outside the home, but they are not equal economically to men. Discrimination in hiring practices was common.

Businesses wrote separate help wanted ads for men and women. Many jobs were not open to women. Women were often paid a lower wage than men in the same job.

Workplace Disadvantages for Women Page 46 Discrimination in Hiring practices (Men hired first) Lower wages for doing the same job as men

Vocabulary II.9a 7.National Organization for Women (NOW): Group dedicated to fighting against gender inequality 8.Ratify: to approve, especially an Amendment to the Constitution 9.Equal Rights Amendment (ERA): Constitutional amendment intended to stop discrimination against women 10.Feminist: Someone who supports equality for women

The Changing Role of Women SOL#: II.9a IAN II: Pages 47 – 48 Table of Contents

What actions were taken to improve conditions for women? Page 47

Women began to take action to gain equality in the workplace. 1966: National Organization for Women (NOW) was created to end gender discrimination in employment.

NOW did several things to help women gain equality: – Organized demonstrations – Supported the election of women to public office – Fought court battles for equal pay for equal work Today, NOW has > 250,000 members.

Education Equal Opportunity in Education Act (Title IX) – Colleges were forced to give women equal admission and athletic opportunities – Athletic scholarships for women increased – Helped develop women’s sports in the U.S.

Equal Rights Amendment Law to guarantee equal rights for all Americans regardless of gender. Proposed in 1923, passed in 1972; but never ratified. Despite its failure, it created a wider range of options and advancements for women.

Equal Opportunity Employment (EOE) Employers must treat men and women equally in the workplace. Today, women are: – Lawyers – Construction workers – Doctors – Firefighters – Scientists – Astronauts – Supreme Court Justices

Improved Conditions for Women NOW (National Organization for Women) Colleges give women equal admission and athletic Opportunities (Title IX) Equal Rights Amendment (not ratified) Equal Opportunity Employment created options for women in business and public service Page 48