2101

Organic Chemistry 2102

Organic Chemistry The Chemistry of carbon compounds. 2103

Organic Chemistry The Chemistry of carbon compounds. We will look at: (1) Naming of simple compounds. 2104

Organic Chemistry The Chemistry of carbon compounds. We will look at: (1) Naming of simple compounds. (2) Some simple reactions. 2105

Organic Chemistry The Chemistry of carbon compounds. We will look at: (1) Naming of simple compounds. (2) Some simple reactions. (3) Some simple properties. 2106

Organic Chemistry The Chemistry of carbon compounds. We will look at: (1) Naming of simple compounds. (2) Some simple reactions. (3) Some simple properties. (4) Some applications will be discussed. 2107

Naming simple organic compounds 2108

Naming simple organic compounds Organic compounds are organized in different families, and each family has a root name. 2109

Naming simple organic compounds Organic compounds are organized in different families, and each family has a root name. Compounds derived from the starting members in the family have their name based on the parent compound from which they are derived. 2110

hydrocarbons The key compounds for naming are the hydrocarbons. 2111

hydrocarbons The key compounds for naming are the hydrocarbons. There are three basic classifications and some important secondary classifications. 2112

hydrocarbons The key compounds for naming are the hydrocarbons. There are three basic classifications and some important secondary classifications. (1) Alkanes 2113

hydrocarbons The key compounds for naming are the hydrocarbons. There are three basic classifications and some important secondary classifications. (1) Alkanes (2) Alkenes 2114

hydrocarbons The key compounds for naming are the hydrocarbons. There are three basic classifications and some important secondary classifications. (1) Alkanes (2) Alkenes (3) Alkynes 2115

Prefix system used to name inorganic compounds. This is also used for organic compounds to name the number of substituents. The base names for the alkanes with five or more C atoms are derived directly from these names numberprefix 1mon* 2di 3tri 4tetra 5penta 6hexa 7hepta 8octa 9nona 10deca *Often not employed.

Prefix system used to name the number of carbon atoms in the longest chain of organic compounds. Note that the ones in blue do not follow from the first four prefixes in the previous table. These entries are sometimes termed the roots for the number of C atoms numberprefix 1meth 2eth 3prop 4but 5pent 6hex 7hept 8oct 9non 10dec

Names for organic compounds break up into two groups: 2118

Names for organic compounds break up into two groups: Non-systematic (trivial) 2119

Names for organic compounds break up into two groups: Non-systematic (trivial) Systematic (This will be our focus, though some of the common names will be mentioned.) 2120

Names for organic compounds break up into two groups: Non-systematic (trivial) Systematic (This will be our focus, though some of the common names will be mentioned.) Example: H 2 O The non-systematic name is water. The systematic name is dihydrogen oxide. 2121

Number of bonds For the following atoms the typical number of bonds from each atom is as follows: Atom Number of bonds H 1 C

Number of bonds For the following atoms the typical number of bonds from each atom is as follows: Atom Number of bonds H 1 C 4 O 2 N

Number of bonds For the following atoms the typical number of bonds from each atom is as follows: Atom Number of bonds H 1 C 4 O 2 N 3 (Note: there are exceptions) 2124

The Alkanes 2125

The Alkanes top priority family As far as naming is concerned, the alkanes are the top priority family. 2126

The Alkanes top priority family As far as naming is concerned, the alkanes are the top priority family. Many other names are based on the names used for this group of compounds. 2127

The Alkanes top priority family As far as naming is concerned, the alkanes are the top priority family. Many other names are based on the names used for this group of compounds. The alkanes have the general formula C n H 2n+2 where n = 1, 2, 3, …. 2128

Formula Name CH 4 methane 2129

Formula Name CH 4 methane CH 3 CH 3 ethane 2130

Formula Name CH 4 methane CH 3 CH 3 ethane CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 propane 2131

Formula Name CH 4 methane CH 3 CH 3 ethane CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 propane CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 butane 2132

Formula Name CH 4 methane CH 3 CH 3 ethane CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 propane CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 butane CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 pentane 2133

Formula Name CH 4 methane CH 3 CH 3 ethane CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 propane CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 butane CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 pentane CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 hexane 2134

Formula Name CH 4 methane CH 3 CH 3 ethane CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 propane CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 butane CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 pentane CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 hexane CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 heptane 2135

Formula Name CH 4 methane CH 3 CH 3 ethane CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 propane CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 butane CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 pentane CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 hexane CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 heptane CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 octane 2136

Formula Name CH 4 methane CH 3 CH 3 ethane CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 propane CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 butane CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 pentane CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 hexane CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 heptane CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 octane CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 nonane 2137

Formula Name CH 4 methane CH 3 CH 3 ethane CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 propane CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 butane CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 pentane CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 hexane CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 heptane CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 octane CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 nonane CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 decane 2138

Formula Name CH 4 methane 2139

Formula Name CH 4 methane CH 3 CH 3 ethane 2140

Formula Name CH 4 methane CH 3 CH 3 ethane CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 propane 2141

Formula Name CH 4 methane CH 3 CH 3 ethane CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 propane CH 3 (CH 2 ) 2 CH 3 butane 2142

Formula Name CH 4 methane CH 3 CH 3 ethane CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 propane CH 3 (CH 2 ) 2 CH 3 butane CH 3 (CH 2 ) 3 CH 3 pentane 2143

Formula Name CH 4 methane CH 3 CH 3 ethane CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 propane CH 3 (CH 2 ) 2 CH 3 butane CH 3 (CH 2 ) 3 CH 3 pentane CH 3 (CH 2 ) 4 CH 3 hexane 2144

Formula Name CH 4 methane CH 3 CH 3 ethane CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 propane CH 3 (CH 2 ) 2 CH 3 butane CH 3 (CH 2 ) 3 CH 3 pentane CH 3 (CH 2 ) 4 CH 3 hexane CH 3 (CH 2 ) 5 CH 3 heptane 2145

Formula Name CH 4 methane CH 3 CH 3 ethane CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 propane CH 3 (CH 2 ) 2 CH 3 butane CH 3 (CH 2 ) 3 CH 3 pentane CH 3 (CH 2 ) 4 CH 3 hexane CH 3 (CH 2 ) 5 CH 3 heptane CH 3 (CH 2 ) 6 CH 3 octane 2146

Formula Name CH 4 methane CH 3 CH 3 ethane CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 propane CH 3 (CH 2 ) 2 CH 3 butane CH 3 (CH 2 ) 3 CH 3 pentane CH 3 (CH 2 ) 4 CH 3 hexane CH 3 (CH 2 ) 5 CH 3 heptane CH 3 (CH 2 ) 6 CH 3 octane CH 3 (CH 2 ) 7 CH 3 nonane 2147

Formula Name CH 4 methane CH 3 CH 3 ethane CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 propane CH 3 (CH 2 ) 2 CH 3 butane CH 3 (CH 2 ) 3 CH 3 pentane CH 3 (CH 2 ) 4 CH 3 hexane CH 3 (CH 2 ) 5 CH 3 heptane CH 3 (CH 2 ) 6 CH 3 octane CH 3 (CH 2 ) 7 CH 3 nonane CH 3 (CH 2 ) 8 CH 3 decane 2148

Alkyl groups 2149

Alkyl groups Formula Name 2150

Alkyl groups Formula Name CH 3 methyl 2151

Alkyl groups Formula Name CH 3 methyl CH 3 CH 2 ethyl 2152

Alkyl groups Formula Name CH 3 methyl CH 3 CH 2 ethyl CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 n-propyl 2153

Alkyl groups Formula Name CH 3 methyl CH 3 CH 2 ethyl CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 n-propyl CH 3 (CH 2 ) 2 CH 2 n-butyl 2154

Alkyl groups Formula Name CH 3 methyl CH 3 CH 2 ethyl CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 n-propyl CH 3 (CH 2 ) 2 CH 2 n-butyl CH 3 (CH 2 ) 3 CH 2 n-pentyl 2155

Alkyl groups Formula Name CH 3 methyl CH 3 CH 2 ethyl CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 n-propyl CH 3 (CH 2 ) 2 CH 2 n-butyl CH 3 (CH 2 ) 3 CH 2 n-pentyl Ending change: ane yl (or add yl to the root names) 2156

In the previous list “n” stands for normal. In this case the bond is from the first carbon of the longest chain. 2157

In the previous list “n” stands for normal. In this case the bond is from the first carbon of the longest chain. Three other prefixes that occur commonly are: sec- short for secondary 2158

In the previous list “n” stands for normal. In this case the bond is from the first carbon of the longest chain. Three other prefixes that occur commonly are: sec- short for secondary tert- short for tertiary 2159

In the previous list “n” stands for normal. In this case the bond is from the first carbon of the longest chain. Three other prefixes that occur commonly are: sec- short for secondary tert- short for tertiary iso (no hyphen is used) 2160