The Language of the Health Profession MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY Imagine yourself in a foreign country where you do not speak the language. Even simple conversations would be difficult. For example, what if you need to explain how to sew a dress to someone who does not know what certain words like baste, zipper, and stitch mean? No matter how intelligent you are, you would look pretty silly making sounds and gestures to explain simple sewing procedures. Each profession has its own language and jargon that makes it difficult for others to fully understand what is being said. (Comic) It is important to realize, however, that this specialized language is needed in order to communicate accurately and concisely. You have chosen to pursue an interest in the medical profession and it is important that you learn to “speak the lingo.” The Language of the Health Profession

ORIGIN OF MEDICAL TERMS Hippocrates was a Greek physician and is known as the “father of medicine.” 75% of medical terms are based on either Greek or Latin words. What’s in a word? The answer is a lot if it is a medical term. Each medical term has a basic word root or stem that usually comes from the Greek or Latin language. In fact 75% percent of medical terms are based on either Greek or Latin words.(Click) The Greeks were the founders of modern medicine, although Latin has become the universal source of medical language. Hippocrates was a Greek physician who lived from 460 to 377 B.C. and whose vital role in medicine is still recognized today. He is called the “Father of Medicine” and is credited with establishing early ethical standards for physicians. Defining medical terms is a lot like a puzzle. Most medical terms are a combination of two or more word parts or elements. The identification of a word involves a search for the meaning of each of its parts. When they are translated separately and combined into a word, the parts give the essential meaning of the entire word. (Give example- Tonsilitis, Hysterectomy` Osteoarthritis, Cardiomegaly.)

What are some prefixes You already know? Word element located at the beginning of a word Changes the meaning of the word Usually indicates a number, time, position, direction, color, or sense of negation What are some prefixes You already know?

Prefixes to know: Prefixes Examples: A-, An- Without or No Ab- Away from Ad- Toward Anti- Against (prevent) Dys- Difficult, Painful, Bad Atraumatic: Without Injury Abduction: Take away from midline Aduction: Move toward midline Antiemetics: work against/prevent vomitting Dysphagia: difficult eating or swallowing.

Prefixes to Know: Prefixes: Examples: Ecto- Outside Endo- Within or Inside Exo-Without, out of, away from Hyper-elevated or more than normal Hypo- depressed or less than normal Ectoparasite: organism that lives on the outer surface of host. Endocrine: Secretes internally. Exocrine: Secretes externally. Hyperglycemia: elevated amounts of blood sugar Hypoglycemia: depressed amounts of blood glucose

Prefixes to Know Inter- means between Intra- means within Examples Prefixes Inter- means between Intra- means within Oligo- Scant or Little Peri- Around Poly- Many Intercostal: between the ribs Intramuscular: within the muscle Oliguria: Depressed amount of frequency of urination Perioperative: The time around an operation . Polyuria: elevated amount or frequency of urination.

Prefixes to Know: Post- After Pre- Before Sub- Below, Under, Less Example: Post- After Pre- Before Sub- Below, Under, Less Super- (a) Above, Beyond, Excessive Bi- Two Tri- Three Postoperative: after an operation Preoperative: before or preceding an operation. Sublingual: under the tongue. Suprascapular: above the shoulder Biceps: two division muscle Tricep: three division muscle

Prefixes to Know: Quadri- Four Mega- Large Brady- Slow Tachy- Rapid Example: Quadri- Four Mega- Large Brady- Slow Tachy- Rapid De- away from, remove, down Mal- bad, poor Quadricep: Muscle with four divisions. Megacolon: too large of a colon Bradycardia: Slow heart rate Tachycardia: Rapid heart rate Dehydrate: loss of body water Malnourished: poor nutrition

Let’s Practice Prefixes!!! -Prefix Word Drill Worksheet “Find Your Match” Activity

SUFFIX A suffix is the word ending that follows the word root and changes its meaning. Often indicates the procedure, condition, disorder, or disease. (Click) A suffix is the word ending that follows the word root and changes its meaning. (Click) Suffixes usually, but not always, indicate the procedure, condition, disorder, or disease, (click) Tonsil - root word means tonsil. -itis - suffix means inflammation. Tonsilitis - means inflammation of the tonsils. (Click through others and give examples)

Suffixes to Know -ac -al -an -ar -ary -eal -ic -ine -ous -tic Suffix: “Pertaining To” Example: -ac -al -an -ar -ary -eal -ic -ine -ous -tic cardiAC : pertaining to heart renAL: pertaining to the kidney ovariAN: pertaining to the ovary lumbAR: pertaining to the loin alimentARY: pertaining to the gastrointestinal tract laryngEAL: pertaining to larynx enterIC: pertaining to intestines uterINE: pertaining to the uterus cutaneOUS: pertaining to skin nephroTIC: pertaining to kidneys

Suffixes to Know: Examples -Suffiixes -ectomy: surgical removal Procedural Examples -Suffiixes -ectomy: surgical removal -pexy: suture to stabilize -plasty: surgical repair -stomy: surgically created opening -tomy: cutting into -centesis: surgical puncture to remove fluid or gas -gram: record of -graph: instrument that records -lysis: separation/breakdown -therapy: treatment Mastectomy: removal of the breast Gastropexy: stabilize stomach to abdominal wall Rhinoplasty: surgical repair of nose Colostomy: surgical opening between colon and body surface Laparotomy: incision into abdomen Cystocentesis: puncture of urinary bladder with needle to remove fluid Electrocardiogram: hard copy of record Electrocardiograph: machine records electrical activity of the heart. Urinalysis: seperation of urine into its constituents Chemotherapy: treatment with chemicals

Suffixes to Know -scope: instrument to visually examine. Examples: -scope: instrument to visually examine. -scopy: procedure to visually examine -rrhage: bursting forth -osis: abnormal condition -pathy: disease -megaly: enlargement -uria: condition of urine -emia: blood condition -logy: study of Endoscope: instrument used to view inside of body Endoscopy: procedure to examine inside of body Hemorrhage: bursting forth of blood from vessel Cardiosis: abnormality in heart Enteropathy: disease of intestines Cardiomegaly: enlargement of the heart Dysuria: difficult/painful urination Anemia: deficient red blood cells Biology: study of life

Let’s Practice Suffixes! Suffix Word Drill

ROOT WORDS A root is the foundation or basic meaning of a word. May appear with a prefix or suffix, or between a prefix or suffix. The fundamental method of building a medical vocabulary consists of breaking down a word and identifying its elements: prefix, suffix, root or roots, and combining form. Root (Click) A root is the foundation, or basic meaning of a word (click) and may appear with a prefix, or a suffix, or between a prefix and suffix. Prefixes and suffixes can never stand alone; they must always be attached to a root. (click) The word root for heart is cardi. However, the term cardi is not normally used by itself. It is commonly combined with another root word, prefix, or suffix to from a complete medical word. (Look at list of root words)

Root Words to Know tooth heart electricity liver intestines nerve stomach blood uterus/womb abdomen breast Nose cardi - hepat- neur - nephr - cyst- Arthr/o : Chem/o : Col/o : Cutane/o : heart liver nerve kidney cell Joint Chemical/ drug Colon Skin Dent/i : Electr/o: Enter/o: Gastr/o : Hem/o : Hyster/o: Lapar/o : Mast- : Nas/o :

Root Words to Know: Oste/o: Ovari/o: Radi/o: Rect/o: Rhin/o: Urin/o: Meaning: Oste/o: Ovari/o: Radi/o: Rect/o: Rhin/o: Urin/o: Uter/o: Bone Ovary X-rays, radioactivity, radius Rectum Nose Urine Uterus (womb)

Cardiology Cardi - root means heart. -ology - suffix means the study of. Cardiology - the study of the heart. (Click)Cardi -root word means heart (Click) -ology - suffix means the study of (Click) Cardiology - the study of the heart Natal - root word means birth -ology - suffix means study of Natalogy - the study of birth.

Nephritis Nephr - root words means kidney -itis suffix means inflammation Nephritis means inflammation of the kidney

Break down and define the following medical terms. pericarditis leukocyte hepatitis neuroplasty

pericarditis

leukocyte leuko- prefix means white cyte - root word means cell leukocyte means white cell

hepatitis hepat - root word means liver -itis - suffix means inflammation hepatitis - means inflammation of the liver

neuroplasty neuro - root word means nerve or nerves -plasty - suffix means surgical repair neuroplasty means surgical repair of the nerve

Combining Forms Combining form consists of the word root and a connecting vowel to make it easier to pronounce and attach another root word or suffix. Combining form for heart is cardi Combining form associated with cells is cyt (Click) The combining form consists of the word root and a connecting vowel to make it easier to pronounce and atach another root word or suffix (Click) The combining form for heart is cardi/o (Click) The combining form associated with cells is cyt/o (Click) The combining term associated with tissue is hist/o Once again the terms cyt and hist represent the word roots or foundations. The combining forms can not be put together with prefixes, suffixes, and other root words to produce a multitude of medical terms.

Basic Rules for the Combining Vowel The combining vowel is not used when the suffix begins with a vowel. (neuritis) The combining vowel is used when the suffix begins with a consonant. (neuroplasty) (Click)There are some basic rules which determine when the combining vowel is used and is not used. (Click) The combining vowel is not used when the suffix begins with a vowel. Neur/o -nerve -it is - inflammation Neuritis - inflammation of nerves or a nerve (Click) The combining vowel is used when the suffix begins with a consonant. Neur/o - means nerve or nerves -plasty - suffix means surgical repair Neuroplasty - surgical repair of the nerve Practice Sheet for homework.

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