Elements and the Periodic Table

Periodic Table

Organization of the Periodic Table Elements on the periodic table are in order of their # of protons Elements on the periodic table are in order of their # of protons Ex. Hydrogen has 1 proton so it is the first element on the periodic table. Ex. Hydrogen has 1 proton so it is the first element on the periodic table. Helium has 2 protons so it’s second. Helium has 2 protons so it’s second. When you go to the grocery store how do you know where milk is? When you go to the grocery store how do you know where milk is?

Periodic Law Much like the grocery store the periodic table is arranged with similarities. Much like the grocery store the periodic table is arranged with similarities. Periodic Law states when elements are arranged this way, similarities in their properties will occur in a regular pattern Periodic Law states when elements are arranged this way, similarities in their properties will occur in a regular pattern

Periods Periods  the horizontal rows on the periodic table Groups Groups  the vertical rows on the periodic table GROU P E R I O D

Key (Top #) (Top #) Atomic Number = # of protons = # of electrons Middle Letter = Element’s symbol Middle Letter = Element’s symbol (Bottom #) (Bottom #) Average Atomic Mass mass of the nucleus mass of the nucleus = # protons + # neutrons

Calculating Subatomic Particles Protons = Atomic # Protons = Atomic # Electrons = Atomic # Electrons = Atomic # Neutrons = Atomic Mass – Atomic # Neutrons = Atomic Mass – Atomic # How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in oxygen?

Periodic Table and Types of Elements

Types of Elements Metals Metals Elements to the left of the semi-metal line on the periodic table Elements to the left of the semi-metal line on the periodic table Malleable (can be hammered into a shape) Malleable (can be hammered into a shape) Ductile (can be stretched into a wire) Ductile (can be stretched into a wire) Good conductors of heat and electricity. Good conductors of heat and electricity. These elements tend to lose electrons to form cations. These elements tend to lose electrons to form cations.

Types of Elements Non-metals Non-metals Elements to the right of the semi-metal line on the periodic table (and hydrogen) Elements to the right of the semi-metal line on the periodic table (and hydrogen) Brittle Brittle Insulators of heat and electricity. Insulators of heat and electricity. These elements tend to gain electrons to form anions or share electrons as bonds to form molecules. These elements tend to gain electrons to form anions or share electrons as bonds to form molecules.

Main group or representative elements Elements found in the tallest groups of the periodic table are the main group or representative elements. Elements found in the tallest groups of the periodic table are the main group or representative elements. Elements in this region of the periodic table are the most reactive (except the noble gases) Elements in this region of the periodic table are the most reactive (except the noble gases) most predictable with respect to periodic properties. most predictable with respect to periodic properties.

Transition elements The transition elements are the elements found in the middle region of the periodic table in a rectangle formed The transition elements are the elements found in the middle region of the periodic table in a rectangle formed Includes elements scandium, zinc, actinium, and ununbium at the corners. Includes elements scandium, zinc, actinium, and ununbium at the corners. Elements in this region of the periodic table are metals with less predictable properties with respect to the periodic properties. Elements in this region of the periodic table are metals with less predictable properties with respect to the periodic properties.

Inner transition elements Elements found in the bottom two rows of the periodic table in the lanthanide and actinide series. Elements found in the bottom two rows of the periodic table in the lanthanide and actinide series. These elements are similar to the transition elements. These elements are similar to the transition elements. In fact, if you scan the atomic numbers from 58 to 72 and from 89 to 104, you will see that the inner transition elements actually belong inside the transition area. In fact, if you scan the atomic numbers from 58 to 72 and from 89 to 104, you will see that the inner transition elements actually belong inside the transition area.

The top row of inner transition elements is also called the lanthanide series, because these elements follow lanthanum, atomic number 57. The top row of inner transition elements is also called the lanthanide series, because these elements follow lanthanum, atomic number 57. The bottom row of inner transition elements is also called the actinide series, because these elements follow actinium, atomic number 89. The bottom row of inner transition elements is also called the actinide series, because these elements follow actinium, atomic number 89.

NOBLE GASES Mostly do not make chemical combinations with any elements. Mostly do not make chemical combinations with any elements. They are all gases at room temperature. They are all gases at room temperature. They all have very low boiling and melting points. They all have very low boiling and melting points. They all put out a color in the visible wavelengths when a low pressure of the gas is put into a tube and a high voltage current is run through the tube. They all put out a color in the visible wavelengths when a low pressure of the gas is put into a tube and a high voltage current is run through the tube.