Outline Background E-products in Ethiopia E-waste mgt practices Downstream market Legal framework Recommendation

1. Background PAN-Ethiopia IPEN ICCM2 ISIP Federal EPA-AAP GEF

2. E-products in Ethiopia E-product utilization is more in urban areas Recent developments are also trying to connect rural areas Dry cell battery and solar pannel utilization is getting high Emphasis should be given to the growth trend and the risk of poor management even with few quantities

3. Manufacturing and imports There are various producers of EEE located in and around Addis Ababa and Bahir Dar Tecno mobile Ethiopia Tana communications Smadl Geotel

3....imports There are major importers of EEE Majority of the mobile phones on the Ethiopian market are illegally smuggled into the country, in part to avoid paying the high import taxes

3....imports A significant volume of ICT equipment is also imported and distributed under the auspices of ICT4D- projects The Computer Refurbishment and Training Centre (CRTC)- the only one trying to deal with proper mgt

4. Data on stocks and volumes Ethiopia has ratified the Basel Convention has put in place some start-up measures for the management of e- waste. A survey was conducted in four major Ethiopian cities (Addis Ababa, Bahir Dar, Dire Dawa and Hawassa) focusing on four selected types of EEE: personal computers and related accessories Television sets and related accessories mobile phones refrigerators

Table 1. Total number of electrical and electronic devices legally imported into Ethiopia, Year Number of computer & accessories Number of TVs & accessories Number of mobile phones & accessories Number of refrigerators & accessories ,97421,38817,1795, ,642204,672310,63355, ,939342,2011,051,04877, ,889390,67750,50789, ,025333,683193,728116, ,303411,307379,98098, ,005490,779429,644122, ,116177,047346,08453,368

Table2. Estimated total stock, by weight (t), of non- functional equipment in Ethiopia’s 10 largest cities in 2011 Type of equipment Stock of non-functional equipment in the 10 largest cities of Ethiopia in 2011 Personal Computers3,200 t TVs510 t Mobile Phones3 t Refrigerators590 t Total4,300 t

5. E-waste management practices 4.1 Solid waste mgt situation Waste management is handled by Government NGOs Private companies and SMEs However, most of the solid waste is collected without sorting E-waste mixed with municipal solid waste

6. E-waste management Solid waste mgt situation... Mixed waste is disposed in open dumps Addis Ababa (Upper picture) and Bahirdar (Second picture) Valuable materials including parts of e-waste are collected by waste pickers However, majority of bigger e- waste items are stored in households and institutions

7. Repair shops Most of the maintenance shops were willing to pay for collectors to take away their non-functional electrical and electronic equipment, but they do not care whether the e- waste is actually disposed of properly

8. E-waste collection Three types The manufacturers of mobile phones in Ethiopia partly maintain service centres where damaged phones can be handed in for repair or exchange The Computer Refurbishment and Training Centre (CRTC) As part of the effort to make the DMF, MoFED has written a circular letter to all federal ministries to hand over stored end-of-life EEE to the MCIT Some moderate volumes of e-waste are collected and managed by scrap metal collectors and recyclers

9. Disposal There is no hazardous waste disposal facility in Ethiopia Cement kilns as disposal options were raised as a topic of research Kilns were also studied if applicable to dispose obsolete pesticides However studies showed that Cement kilns can not qualify as means of disposal because of high environmental and health risks

10. Downstream market E-waste fraction for downstream market are: Copper cables- for local market Printed wiring boards (PWBs) and IC-contacts-Intn’l Copper-steel-plastic mixes- local and/or International Pure copper (e.g. from CRT yokes)-International Plastics (with flame retardants)-Hazardous CRT-glass- Hazardous To date, the downstream markets are not utilized for e- waste management in Ethiopia

11. Legal Framework National The FEPA of Ethiopia has formulated a new regulation on Management and Disposal of E-Waste under the Environmental Pollution Control Proclamation of Internationally-at ICCM3 the African region was the main negotiator for the inclusion of the life cycle approach to EEE management in the GPA. This decision received full acceptance by the parties and also reflected positively on the African resolution.

12. Recommendation Further develop the e- waste collection from offices and businesses- √ Optimize pre-processing and storage in the DMF- √ Widen the scope of CRTC to other EEEs- √ Develop solutions for non-valuable fractions- √ Develop a national e- waste mgt strategy- √ Take into account the whole life cycle of electrical and electronic products- √ Develop a financing mechanism legal obligations on producers and importers within the framework of Extended Producer Responsibility schemes (EPR) should get emphasis- √

Ethiopian E-waste Management Project

Project Overview  Duration: 24 months, Start in April 2013  Project leader UNIDO Project manager: Smail Alhilali  National responsibility for project MCIT E-EPA

Objectives  Establish national e-waste strategy Regulatory measures for sound e-waste management Financing, sound collection, treatment, disposal Capacity building, training, etc.  Enlargement of current operations in Akaki Review and upscale infrastructure and operations Identify downstream markets Business model for long-term sustainability Introduction of EHM standards  Regional approach

Financing  Cash GEF/UNIDO (1 mil. USD) MCIT (275,000 USD for Akaki) International partners (190,000 USD) −US-EPA, Nokia, Cascade Asset Recycling, −In-kind contributions (MCIT, E-EPA, StEP/UNU, US-EPA, Nokia, Cascade, Dell, …)

Ethiopian E-waste Management Project Ethiopian E-waste Management Project Advises Reports UNIDO SC Chair: MCIT and E-EPA Policy Alignment Supports Reports Approves Supervises Exchange Approves Reports Contributes AG Chair: StEP Informs E-waste Activities in Eastern Africa E-waste Activities in Eastern Africa Stakeholder Group (Optional ) Stakeholder Group (Optional ) IMC GEF National E- waste Stakeholder Forum Exchange NC + Team IPC

Status  International and National Coordinator selected  Steering Committee and Advisory Group in place  Works will be started in April  First Task: Identification and assessment of downstream markets

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! Elisabeth Herbeck UNIDO