Life Science In Class –Cell Structure and Function –Review Questions (tomorrow) Homework –Textbook Pages

Cell Membrane

Is the “skin” that surrounds the entire cell. It controls what gets into and out of the cell.

The nucleus is the control center. It also contains the genetic material. By releasing genetic information, the nucleus is able to control the cell's functioning.

Nuclear Pore Nucleolus Chromatin

Nuclear Pore is a protein-lined channel in the nuclear envelope that regulates the transportation of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.

Nucleolus Is the dark area in the center of the nucleus. Among its many functions is to make ribosomes

Chromatin: long sequences of genetic information in the form of DNA. In a resting cell, these long strings of information are not visible in the nucleus. As the cell prepares to divide, the chromatids coil up to form chromosomes, which are visible with a microscope in a stained cell.

Nucleoplasm (aka sap)

Nucleoplasm is the rich organic soup that fills the interior of the nucleus. This is very similar to cytoplasm. It's mostly composed of water, containing a complex assortment of materials. Nucleoplasm has a high concentration of materials like nucleotides, which are used to make DNA and RNA, and the many enzymes which control the DNA and RNA construction reactions.

Cytoplasm It is the fluid found inside the cell and contains everything inside the cell that is not the nucleus.

Cytoplasm vs. Nucleoplasm

Mitochondria

Are very complex, double-membrane- bound organelles. Their function is, the essential energy- producing process of the cell. Mitochondria contain their own naked, circular DNA and their own ribosomes.

Golgi Complex

Is the organelle that processes and transports materials within and out of the cell.

Centriole

Centrioles are pairs of structures composed of microtubules. The primary function of centrioles is to generate the cell's cytoskeleton They move chromosomes around during mitosis or meiosis is composed of microtubules.

Cytoskeleton is a cellular scaffolding or skeleton contained within a cell’s cytoplasm.

Microtubule Microtubules and microfilaments make up the cytoskeleton They form a system that runs all through the cell, particularly just under the plasma membrane. Microtubules and microfilaments are responsible for all kinds of movement functions. Especially during cell duplication the Centriole structure moves chromosomes around during mitosis or meiosis is composed of microtubules.

Vacuole

Vacuoles are organelles that store water and other materials need by the cell

Lysosome

Are organelles that digest wastes, cell parts and foreign invaders Lysosomes contain different types of enzymes depending upon the need of the cell.

Microbody

Microbodies are found in cells of plants, protozoa, and animals. They contain enzymes which participate in the varying stages of biochemical reactions within the cell. Specifically, Microbodies allow for the breakdown of fats, alcohols, and amino acids to take place.

Microfilament

Microfilaments allow for the contraction and expansion of a cell, which allows cells to move in space. They are the smallest and thinnest components of the cytoskeleton.

Ribosome

A ribosome is the organelle upon which amino acids are hooked together to make proteins.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Endoplasmic Reticulum is the organelle that makes lipids, breaks down toxic substances, and packages proteins for the Golgi complex