Manifest Destiny "(It is)..our manifest destiny to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty“ John O'Sullivan (1845) 'The Morning Post'. "(It is)..our manifest destiny to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty“ John O'Sullivan (1845) 'The Morning Post'.

Manifest Destiny Write down what you see in the picture

Manifest Destiny cont…..  Definition: the belief that the United States was destined to stretch across the continent from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. Or the long held belief that white Americans had a God-given right to occupy the entire North American continent.  Definition: the belief that the United States was destined to stretch across the continent from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. Or the long held belief that white Americans had a God-given right to occupy the entire North American continent.

Why move????  Push Factors: A force which acts to drive (push) people away from a place. *Pull Factors: Draws (pulls) a person to a new location.  Push Factors: A force which acts to drive (push) people away from a place. *Pull Factors: Draws (pulls) a person to a new location.

Push/Pull Factors  With someone sitting close to you, make a T-Chart and categorize the events into push factors and pull factors.  Shortage of Jobs  Better Living  Shortage of farm land  Letters from friends/family  Over Crowding  Opportunity to buy cheap land  Gold Rush  With someone sitting close to you, make a T-Chart and categorize the events into push factors and pull factors.  Shortage of Jobs  Better Living  Shortage of farm land  Letters from friends/family  Over Crowding  Opportunity to buy cheap land  Gold Rush Push Factors Pull Factors 1.Shortage of jobs 2. Shortage of farmland 3. Overcrowding 1.Better Living 2.Letters 3.Cheap Land 4.Gold Rush

Video  Horrible Histories: The Wild West  List the hardships faced by pioneers moving to the West.  Horrible Histories: The Wild West  List the hardships faced by pioneers moving to the West.

CLASH ON THE PRAIRIE Westward Expansion & Native Americans

Settlers Push Westward Clash of Cultures  Native Americans: land cannot be owned; settlers: want to own land  Settlers think natives forfeited land because did not improve it  Consider land unsettled, migrants go west to claim it

Settling the Great Plains Railroads Open the West  1850–1871, huge land grants to railroads for laying track in West  1860s, Central Pacific goes east, Union Pacific west, meet in Utah  By 1880s, 5 transcontinental railroads completed  Railroads sell land to farmers, attract many European immigrants

Government Support for Settlement  Homestead Act offers 160 acres free to any head of household  1862–1900, up to 600,000 families settle  Called “Homesteaders”  Railroad, state agents, speculators profit; 10% of land to families  Government strengthens act  Give land away  1889, Oklahoma – Settlers grab 2 million acres before gov’t declares the land open  Oklahoma becomes the “Sooner State”

Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains Dugouts and Soddies  Few trees, so many settlers dig homes into sides of ravines or hills  In plains, make soddy or sod home by stacking blocks of turf Women’s Work  Homesteaders virtually alone, must be self-sufficient  Women do men’s work—plowing, harvesting, shearing sheep  Do traditional work—carding wool, making soap, canning vegetables

Inventions That Tamed The Prairie  Barbed Wire – Prevented animals from wandering off, trampling crops  Reaper – Sped up harvesting  Steel Plow – Made planting more efficient  Wind Mill – Brought ground water to the surface.

The Culture of the Plains Indians Life on the Plains Great Plains—grasslands in west central portion of the U.S. Great Plains East: hunting, farming villages West: nomadic hunting, gathering The Horse and the Buffalo Horses, guns lead most Plains tribes to nomadic life by mid-1700s Trespassing others’ hunting lands causes war; Buffalo provides many basic needs: - hides used for teepees, clothes, blankets - meat used for jerky, pemmican

The Culture of the Plains Indians Family Life  Form family groups with ties to other bands that speak same language  Men are hunters, warriors; women butcher meat, prepare hides  Believe in powerful spirits that control natural world  Children learn through myths, stories, games, example

The Government Restricts Native Americans The Indian Removal Act  Indian Removal Act (1830) forces Native Americans off their lands  Must move West  Trail of Tears  U.S. soldiers force Cherokee to march West.  More than a quarter die on the journey to Indian Territory

The Government Restricts Native Americans Railroads Influence Government Policy  1834, government designates Great Plains as one huge reservation (land set aside for Native Americans)  1850s, treaties define specific boundaries for each tribe

Bloody Battles Massacre at Sand Creek (1864)  Cheyenne return to Colorado’s Sand Creek Reserve for winter.Sand Creek Reserve Thought they would be safe  General S.R. Curtis says, “I want no peace till the Indians suffer more.”  November 29 th, 1864 the U.S. Army kill and mutilate 200 Cheyenne 7 Arapaho. (Mostly women and children)

sc BT BH WK

Bloody Battles  Death on the Bozeman Trail Bozeman Trail Bozeman Trail crosses Sioux hunting grounds Red Cloud asks for end of settlements; Crazy Horse ambushes troops(Fetterman Massacre) Treaty of Fort Laramie—U.S. closes trail; Sioux forced to reservation Sitting Bull, leader of Hunkpapa Sioux, does not sign treaty

Bloody Battles 1868, Miners discover gold in the Black Hills of South Dakota Black Hills are sacred to Native Americans  Sioux & the 7 th Calvary meet at the Little Big Horn River, MT  Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse, Gall crush Custer’s troops  In 1 hour, the entire 7 th Calvary is dead. (known as Custer’s Last Stand)  By late 1876, Sioux are defeated; some take refuge in Canada  people starving; Sitting Bull surrenders 1881 Colonel George A. Custer  Battle of Little Big Horn (1876)

The Battle of Wounded Knee  Ghost Dance—ritual to regain lost lands  spreads among Sioux on Dakota reservation  promises an end of their suffering under the white man.  Dec. 1890, Sitting Bull is killed when police try to arrest him  Seventh Cavalry takes about 350 Sioux to Wounded Knee Creek  Battle of Wounded Knee— cavalry kill 300 unarmed Native Americans  Battle ends Indian wars, Sioux dream of regaining old life

The Government Supports Assimilation  Assimilation—natives to give up way of life, join white culture  1887, Dawes Act to “Americanize” natives, break up reservations  gives land to individual Native Americans  sell remainder of land to settlers  money for farm implements for natives  In the end, Natives Americans receive only 1/3 of land, no money  By 1932, whites take 2/3 of land set aside for Native Americans Dawes Act

The Government Supports Assimilation  Destruction of buffalo most significant blow to tribal life  Tourists, fur traders shoot for sport, destroy buffalo population  In 1800, 65 million buffalo roamed the prairies.  By 1890, fewer than 1000 remained. Destruction of Buffalo

Famous Quotes Things to Think About.  "One does not sell the land people walk on."... Crazy Horse, Sept. 23, 1875  “If you tie a horse to a stake, do you expect him to grow fat? If you pen an Indian up on a small spot of earth, and compel him to stay there, he will not be contented, nor will he grow and prosper.” Chief Joseph