Cultures Clash on the Prairie: Chapter 13 Ms. Garvin US History I

Do Now: Scenario: You find out that foreigners are approaching your house. You are getting nervous. Then these foreigners tell you to have to pack up, leave your house, and move. What would you do?

Tribes of the Plains Native Americans living in the Great Plains had highly developed societies. Native Americans living in the Great Plains had highly developed societies. Tribal Laws, tools, clothing, languages, medicine practices: flourishing way of life. Tribal Laws, tools, clothing, languages, medicine practices: flourishing way of life. Horses and guns change Plains Indians’ society. Why? Horses and guns change Plains Indians’ society. Why? Buffalo: Product necessary to their survival. Buffalo: Product necessary to their survival. Leaders of tribe rules by counsel rather than force. Leaders of tribe rules by counsel rather than force. Tribe used and shared land: no individual ownership. Tribe used and shared land: no individual ownership.

Settlers Move West White settlers denied Native Americans claim to land. White settlers denied Native Americans claim to land. Settlers and Railroads expand west = Federal Government creates harsh restrictions. Settlers and Railroads expand west = Federal Government creates harsh restrictions. Great Plains= One Giant Reservation for Natives Great Plains= One Giant Reservation for Natives Soon after government changed their mind and divided up territory for each tribe. Soon after government changed their mind and divided up territory for each tribe. Natives who tried to hunt on their tribal land clashed with settlers and miners. Natives who tried to hunt on their tribal land clashed with settlers and miners.

Massacre at Sand Creek Cheyenne people. Cheyenne people. Believed it was safe to return to Colorado’s Sand Creek Reserve, their old territory, for the winter. Believed it was safe to return to Colorado’s Sand Creek Reserve, their old territory, for the winter. General S.R. Curtis in charge. General S.R. Curtis in charge. “I want no peace till the Indians suffer more.” “I want no peace till the Indians suffer more.” Militia Colonel John Chivington and troops attacked the Cheyenne and Arapaho at Sand Creek. Militia Colonel John Chivington and troops attacked the Cheyenne and Arapaho at Sand Creek. Killed over 150 Natives; mostly women and children. Killed over 150 Natives; mostly women and children.

Bozeman Trail Warrior Crazy Horse ambushed Captain William Fetterman and his company traveling along the trail. Warrior Crazy Horse ambushed Captain William Fetterman and his company traveling along the trail. 80 soldiers were killed. 80 soldiers were killed. Treaty of Fort Laramie: Treaty of Fort Laramie: Government agreed to close the Bozeman Trail. Government agreed to close the Bozeman Trail. Sioux agreed to live on reservation along Missouri River. Sioux agreed to live on reservation along Missouri River. Sitting Bull, one chief who refused to sign. Sitting Bull, one chief who refused to sign. Other Sioux tribes refused. Other Sioux tribes refused. 1866: Bozeman Trail runs through Bighorn Mountains; Sioux Territory. Chief Red Cloud asked the federal government to prevent settlement along the trail. Government is no help.

War in the Black Hills Settlers flood the Black Hills looking for gold. Settlers flood the Black Hills looking for gold. Red Cloud and Spotted Tail asked government for help; Red Cloud and Spotted Tail asked government for help; no use! June 1876: Sitting Bull has a vision of soldiers. June 1876: Sitting Bull has a vision of soldiers. Colonel Custer and troops arrive at Little Bighorn but Natives are ready for them! Colonel Custer and troops arrive at Little Bighorn but Natives are ready for them! Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull lead the warriors; within an hour Custer and all his men were dead. Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull lead the warriors; within an hour Custer and all his men were dead. In the end the Sioux are beaten. In the end the Sioux are beaten. Sitting Bull ends up performing in Buffalo Bill’s Wild West show. Sitting Bull ends up performing in Buffalo Bill’s Wild West show.

Government Intervention United States was torn over issue of Natives. United States was torn over issue of Natives. Many fought for justice for Native Americans. Many fought for justice for Native Americans. Others pushed for assimilation. Others pushed for assimilation. Dawes Act: Dawes Act: Broke up reservations and gave some of the reservation land to individual Native Americans Broke up reservations and gave some of the reservation land to individual Native Americans 160 acres to each head of household; 80 acres to unmarried adults. 160 acres to each head of household; 80 acres to unmarried adults. Remaining land would be sold to settlers but money would be given back to Native Americans. Remaining land would be sold to settlers but money would be given back to Native Americans. Resulted in White settlers owned 2/3 of the the territory. Resulted in White settlers owned 2/3 of the the territory. Natives never saw any of that money. Natives never saw any of that money. If things were not bad enough: Buffalo were all but extinct. If things were not bad enough: Buffalo were all but extinct.

Battle of Wounded Knee Sioux are all but extinct. Sioux are all but extinct. Remaining Sioux followed a prophet Paiute: Said if the Sioux performed a Ghost Dance, their land and way of life would be restored. Remaining Sioux followed a prophet Paiute: Said if the Sioux performed a Ghost Dance, their land and way of life would be restored. Ghost Dance Movement spreads: Ghost Dance Movement spreads: Military attempts to arrest Sitting Bull and his bodyguard Catch-the-Bear, shoots a soldier. Military attempts to arrest Sitting Bull and his bodyguard Catch-the-Bear, shoots a soldier. Police kill Sitting Bull. Police kill Sitting Bull. Chief Big Foot flees with rest of Sioux Chief Big Foot flees with rest of Sioux December 28, 1890: Army rounds up 350 starving, freezing Sioux at Wounded Knee Creek. December 28, 1890: Army rounds up 350 starving, freezing Sioux at Wounded Knee Creek. Demand they give in weapons. Demand they give in weapons. Someone fires. Someone fires. Within minutes Army killed 300, mostly unarmed, Sioux. Within minutes Army killed 300, mostly unarmed, Sioux. Native American story ends. Native American story ends.