Name Date HourChapter 3 What were the Dates characteristics of Arch. Dig America’s earliest Archeologist people? Paleo Indians Clovis Folsom Foragers Woodland Plains Village Moundbuilders Plains Indians** Set this up on a sheet of paper….this should be in Cornell format.

Name Date HourChapter 3 Plains Village Moundbuilders Plains Indians** What elements of First Contact culture were exhibited by the Indians duringCulture first contact with Europeans? SUMMARYAt the end of the notes you will put a 3 sentence summary of the notes.

Section 1: The Earliest People ESSENTIAL QUESTION:  What were the characteristics of Oklahoma’s earliest people?

First prehistoric people (those who lived before recorded history) reached the Americas millions of years after the dinosaurs became extinct First people in America here some 12,000 to 25,000 years ago Section 1: The Earliest People

Artifacts include people-used items such as – pottery, tools, bone, jewelry, & paintings Petroglyphs: pictures or symbols conveying an idea How we found them

Archaeological “dig”: excavation of a site where people lived or worked Archaeologists: study and document any fragment of an artifact discovered Piece together artifacts to help tell more about past peoples Searching for Clues

Earliest people to America from Asia Bering Strait & “land bridge” Over 16,000 prehistoric & early American Indian sites in Oklahoma Prehistoric Cultures

1961: scientists discover evidence of Paleo Indian hunters in Oklahoma Columbian mammoth: bones found at the Cooperton site in Kiowa County Soil deposits: date to about 30,000 years ago at Burnham site Paleo Indians

Mammoth Bones

Clovis People: named after the New Mexico site of first artifacts Known for their spears (spear point usually 3-4 inches long) Important Clovis site near Stecker in Caddo County First hunted mammoths & then switched to bison Clovis People

Clovis points used to kill wooly mammoths

Dalton people: lived some 9, ,000 years ago Skilled in clothing, containers, tools, & covers for shelters Folsom People

Hunters and harvesters Made flour & stored it in baskets Pieces of bone & antler: became spear points, needles, awls, punches, and atlatl hooks Ate a variety of wild animals Knew how to start a fire with a wood drill Archaic Culture Foragers

About 2,000 years ago, Woodland culture emerged Planted, cultivated, & harvested Bow and arrow came in about this time and made hunting easier Woodland Culture

Lived in Oklahoma from about 1,200 to 500 years ago Grew corn, beans, squash, gourds, sunflowers, & tobacco Hunted bison & deer Plains Village Farmers

Built the Spiro Mounds Lived in small farming villages Spiro men & women: painted themselves with colorful paints Fine craftsmen: worked with stone, shell, & copper Still live in the area The Moundbuilders

Resorted to the more nomadic way of life Hunted buffalo, deer, antelope, rabbit, or whatever available Forged for wild plant foods Lived in grass houses covered with buffalo hide May be ancestors of Wichitas Early Plains Indians Click here to return to Main Menu.

Section 2: Historic Indian Cultures ESSENTIAL QUESTION:  What elements of culture were exhibited by the Indians during first contact with Europeans?

First Encounters 1493: Coronado’s expedition first recorded contact between Indians & the Spanish 1542: Spanish monks at Kaw 1601: Juan de Oñate – explored western Oklahoma Mid-1700s: French hunters

Indian Culture Indians: believed in afterlife Cowards & thieves punished Life sacred to the Plains tribes Believed in Mother Earth Believed all things tied together Honesty expected

Indian Culture The Family Marriages permitted between related tribes & could have more than one wife Men: warriors & hunters Women: kept the home & family

Indian Culture Food Women: prepared the food Meats: eaten raw, roasted, boiled, or dried Wild animals were food source Other foods were wild honey & other natural foods

Indian Culture Plants Used many wildflowers & plants About 170 used by Indians Many used for medicine Much of their time spent in surviving

After lecture… Read over notes – 2 times Write summary

Level Questions Level 1 question- (fill in the blank) –EX: _________ is the name for the day when the stock market crashed. Level 2- (not in the text, read between lines) –EX: Compare and contrast…. –EX: Describe your own words….. –EX: How is _____ related to_______ Level 3- (Hypothesis, or application, much like an essay) –EX: do you agree that...? what do you think about...? what is the most important...? place the following in order of priority...

Compare /Contrast Tribe 1 Tribe 2 Similarities

Let’s Move around Find someone with completely different tribes than you and share the Venn Diagram with them. Have a seat

When done… Work on Chapter 3 Vocab. Due Friday