Starter Unit: Present Tense Review (WB 75-77; SB 112) Language Review. Speech parts, pronouns, articles, comparatives (WB 73, 74; SB 113) PPT author: Bruno Menéndez

English Verb Tense System What? Why? Revision How?

Present Simple Past Simple Future Simple Simple Conditional Present Continuous Past Continuous Future Continuous Cont Conditional Present Perfect Past Perfect Future Perfect Perfect Conditional + - ? ↵ I work/she works I don’t work/ she doesn’t work Do you work? Does she work? Yes, I do. /, he does. No, I don’t./he doesn’t. + - ? ↵ I am working/ She is working I ‘m not working/ she isn’t working Are you working? Is she working? Yes, I am./No, I’m not. Yes, she is./No, she isnot + - ? ↵ I have worked/ she has worked I haven’t worked/ She hasn’t worked Have you worked? Has she worked? Yes, I have. /, she has. No, I haven’t/, …hasn’t. DoDo Be+ing Have+ed + - ? ↵ + - ? ↵ + - ? ↵ + - ? ↵ + - ? ↵ + - ? ↵ + - ? ↵ + - ? ↵ + - ? ↵ Did was/were +ing Had+ed will Will be will have +ed would Would be would have +ed I worked. I didn’t work. Did you/she work? Yes, I/she did. No, I/she didn’t. I was working You were working I wasn’t working/ You weren’t working Was she working? Were you working? Yes, I was. /, she was. No, I wasn’t./she wasn’t. I/she had worked I /she hadn’t worked Had you/she worked? Yes, I had. /, she had. No, I hadn’t./she hadn’t. I will work. I won’t work. Will you work? Yes, I will No, I won’t I will be working I won’t be working. Will you be working? Yes, I will. No, I won’t. I will have finished. I won’t have finished. Will you have finished? Yes, I will (have). No, I won’t (have). I would work. I wouldn’t work. Would you work? Yes, I would. No, I wouldn’t. I would be working I wouldn’t be working. Would you be working? Yes, I would (be). No, I wouldn’t (be). I would have worked. I wouldn’t have worked. Would you have worked? Yes, I would (have). No, I wouldn’t (have).

Present Simple vs Present Continuous Present SimplePresent Continuous Facts / States I love chocolate. John is sad. Habits / repeated actions I go to school every day. We often go to parties. 1) Action in progress at the moment 1) Look! It’s snowing! (=Now!) 2)Temporary situations: 1)Mum’s visiting her parents today. Stative Verbs* 1)Thoughts: agree, know, remember, think 2)Likes/Dislikes: hate, like, love, prefer, want 3)Senses: hear, see, smell, taste *can’t usually be used with Present Continuous

Present Perfect vs Past Simple Present Perfect Past Simple Actions which started in the past and continue in the present I’ve studied here for 5 years*. Actions which started in the past and have a present effect I’ve bought you this! Recient actions when time isn’t specified: John has (just) arrived Time Expressions: already, ever, just, for*/since, still, yet, just Completed actions in the past I studied there for 5 years. States in the past I lived in Africa as a child. Repeated actions in the past I went to school every day. When we know exactly when John arrived 5 min ago Time Expressions: ago, in 1984, at 5 pm, last year, yesterday, when/as… *Visc aquí des de fa 5 anys

Unit 1: Past Tenses Review (WB 77-79; SB 115) PPT author: Bruno Menéndez

Past Simple vs Past Continuous Past Continuous Actions in progress at a specific time in the past. I was eating at six. Past actions which are interrupted by other actions: I was watching the film when the light went out. Competed actions in the past I studied there for 5 years. States in the past I lived in Africa as a child. Repeated actions in the past I went to school every day. When we know exactly when John arrived 5 min ago Time Expressions: ago, in 1984, at 5 pm, last year, yesterday, when/as… Past Simple Combination (when/while/as) While I was eating, the phone rung. Combination (after/before/as soon as) After we had finished our meal, we went to the cinema. As soon as we had finished/finished our meal, we run home. Before we started the match, we had warmed up. Anaphoric uses Used to /would Deictic Anaphoric

Use to + infinitive vs Would + infinitive Used to + infinitiveWould + infinitive Repeated past actions or states that are no longer true in the present: I used to play football as a child I used to be happy, but I’m sad now  Repeated past actions (formal):  I would play football every day as a child in Kenya  Not for states:  *I would be happy /  *I would hate school  I used to hate school   I hated school  i played football as a child I would play football everyday

Past Simple vs Past Perfect An action that happened before another action or moment in the past I didn’t enjoy Pulp Fiction yesterday, because I had seen it last year. Past Perfect Phone: phoned -e Marry: married -y Travel: travelled -l Stop: stopped / admit:admitted -CVC (1 syllable or unstressed final syllable) Past Simple Irregular Verb List WB p

Deictic vs. anaphoric tenses pastpresentfuture Deictic tenses: NOW Anaphoric tenses: THEN Present Simple: eats Present Cont: Is eating Past Simple: woke Present perfect: have lived Past Simple: rained Past Cont: was raining Conditional(formal) Would rain Used to rain Future Simple: will Present Cont: Be + vb+ing be+going to+ Inf: Conditional: Would + inf Was going to Past Perfect: had finished previoussimultaneoussubsequent pretérito pluscuamperfecto (había cantado), pretérito imperfecto (cantaba), condicional (cantaría) y futuro compuesto (habré cantado) presente de indicativo (canto), pretérito perfecto (canté, he cantado) –simple y compuesto- y futuro imperfecto (cantaré)

Parts of speech: word classes I I am quite upset becaus e a a boy has just spit on me pronoun verb adverb adjectiv e conjunc -tion det noun aux adverb verb preposit ion pronoun Lexical Words nouns adjectives verbs adverbs Middle Words pronouns Personal pron, demonstrative pron, relative pron, possessive pron Grammatical Words conjunction auxiliaries preposition s determiner Articles, quantifiers, possessive adjectives, demonstrative, etc

Pronouns (parts of speech) Subject Pronouns I I you he /she / it we you they Object Pronouns me you him / her / it us you them Possessive Pronouns mine yours his / hers / its ours yours theirs Possessive Adjectives my book… your … his / her / its our your their Reflexive Pronouns myself yourself himself / herself/ itself ourselves yourselves themselves

Determiners: articles Indefinite article (a / an) When we mention something for the first time: a dragon, an agreement, a village We we do not refer to a specific thing, person or place: a village With jobs: a teacher Definite article (the) When we refer to a specific thing: the dragon When there’s only one of something: the mayor, the King ARTICLE OMISSION When we talk about something in general (plural or uncountable nouns). Ø People, Ø animals, Ø Fear With meals: Ø lunch In certain expressions: At home, in class, at school, by train, in hospital, in bed, last week, on Monday, in May Once upon a time there was a dragon. The dragon lived in a village. Ø People in the village were scared of the dragon, so they went to talk to the mayor. His name was George and, besides being the mayor, he was a teacher. George decided come to an agreement with the King so that the dragon would be fed with Ø animals from the village for Ø lunch. Ø Fear was common in the village.