Renaissance Renaissance

Renaissance Literally means “Rebirth” Literally means “Rebirth” A revival of art and learning A revival of art and learning Wanted to bring back to life the culture of Classical Greece and Rome Wanted to bring back to life the culture of Classical Greece and Rome Life is seen more with self-respect. It begins to be seen more than a pit-stop on the way to heaven Life is seen more with self-respect. It begins to be seen more than a pit-stop on the way to heaven Italy: birthplace of the Renaissance Italy: birthplace of the Renaissance

Italy’s Advantages Started in northern Italy Started in northern Italy Crusades spur trade Crusades spur trade Scholars move to Rome after fall of Constantinople in 1453 Scholars move to Rome after fall of Constantinople in 1453 –Artists, scholars study ruins of Rome and Latin; Greek manuscripts Growth of city-states in northern Italy Growth of city-states in northern Italy In 1300s bubonic plague kills 60% of population and disrupts economy In 1300s bubonic plague kills 60% of population and disrupts economy

Merchants and the Medici A wealthy merchant class develops A wealthy merchant class develops More emphasis on individual achievement More emphasis on individual achievement Banking family, the Medici, controls Florence Banking family, the Medici, controls Florence

Classics Lead to Humanism Intellectual movement focused on people and their achievements Intellectual movement focused on people and their achievements Humanists studied classical texts, history, literature, philosophy Humanists studied classical texts, history, literature, philosophy Moved away from trying to make everything agree to Christian teaching Moved away from trying to make everything agree to Christian teaching Ex: art and literature were valued and encouraged Ex: art and literature were valued and encouraged

Secularism Concerned with the here and now Concerned with the here and now Renaissance society was secular - worldly Renaissance society was secular - worldly Ex: some church leaders lived in mansions and wore expensive clothes Ex: some church leaders lived in mansions and wore expensive clothes Enjoy life without offending God Enjoy life without offending God Wealthy enjoyed fine food, homes, clothes Wealthy enjoyed fine food, homes, clothes

Patron A financial supporter of artists A financial supporter of artists Church leaders spend money on artworks to beautify cities Church leaders spend money on artworks to beautify cities Wealthy merchants also patrons Wealthy merchants also patrons –The wealthy Medici family in Florence, Italy is a prime example

Florence Under the Medici Medici Chapel Medici Chapel The Medici Palace

The Renaissance Man Excels in many fields; the classics, art, politics, combat Excels in many fields; the classics, art, politics, combat Baldassare Castigilone’s The Courtier (1528) Baldassare Castigilone’s The Courtier (1528) –Teaches how to become a “universal person”

The Renaissance Woman Upper-class, educated in classics, charming Upper-class, educated in classics, charming Expected to inspire art but not create it Expected to inspire art but not create it Isabella d-Este, patron of artists, wields power in Mantua Isabella d-Este, patron of artists, wields power in Mantua

The Renaissance Revolutionizes Art Artists use realistic style copied from classical art, often to portray religious subjects Artists use realistic style copied from classical art, often to portray religious subjects Painters use perspective Painters use perspective –A way to show three dimensions on a canvas

Perspective Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! First use of linear perspective! Perspective! Perspective! The Trinity Masaccio 1427 What you are, I once was; what I am, you will become.

Geometrical Arrangement of Figures Geometrical Arrangement of Figures The Dreyfus Madonna with the Pomegranate Leonardo da Vinci 1469 The figure as architecture!

Realistic Painting and Sculpture Realistic portraits of prominent citizens Realistic portraits of prominent citizens Sculpture shows natural postures and expressions Sculpture shows natural postures and expressions The biblical David is a favorite subject among sculptors The biblical David is a favorite subject among sculptors

Ancient Greece and Rome

Middle Ages

Leonardo Da Vinci The true Renaissance man The true Renaissance man architect, anatomist, sculptor, engineer, inventor, biologist, mathematician, musician, and painter architect, anatomist, sculptor, engineer, inventor, biologist, mathematician, musician, and painter 1452 to to 1519 Famous for realistic paintings Famous for realistic paintings –Mona Lisa –The Last Supper

Mona Lisa

Last Supper

Sketches

Michelangelo Painter, sculptor, architect, and poet Painter, sculptor, architect, and poet saw art as originating from inner inspiration and from culture saw art as originating from inner inspiration and from culture

Sistine Chapel

David

Pieta

Last Judgment

The Virgin on the Rocks

Raphael 1483 to to 1520 he studied the work of Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo he studied the work of Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo Focus is in realistic art Focus is in realistic art Famous for his use of perspective Famous for his use of perspective Famous subject is Madonna and child Famous subject is Madonna and child Famous painting is the School of Athens Famous painting is the School of Athens

School of Athens

Marriage of the Virgin Vanishing point Horizon

Donatello Painter and sculptor Painter and sculptor Around 1430, Cosimo de' Medici, the foremost art patron of his era, commissioned from Donatello the bronze David for the court of his Palazzo Medici. Donatello's most famous work.

If You Missed It Heroes in a Half Shell…. TURTLE POWER! (Leonardo, Michelangelo, Donatello, Raphael)

Machiavelli Wrote “The Prince” Wrote “The Prince” Wrote in the vernacular Wrote in the vernacular Leader must be as strong as a lion and as shrewd as a fox Leader must be as strong as a lion and as shrewd as a fox Leaders must sometimes mislead people for the good of the state Leaders must sometimes mislead people for the good of the state

One is considered Machiavellian if they use deceitful action for one’s own advantage What do you think of the quote “the end justifies the means”

New Trends in Writing Writers use the vernacular – their native language Writers use the vernacular – their native language Self-expression or to portray the individuality of their subject Self-expression or to portray the individuality of their subject

Petrarch Francesco Petrach Francesco Petrach –Humanist –Poet  Woman named Laura is his muse

Renaissance Ideas Spread Spirit of Renaissance Italy impress visitors from northern Europe Spirit of Renaissance Italy impress visitors from northern Europe When Hundred Years’ War ends (1453), cities grow rapidly When Hundred Years’ War ends (1453), cities grow rapidly Merchants in northern cities grow wealthy and sponsor artists Merchants in northern cities grow wealthy and sponsor artists England and France unify under strong monarchs who are art patrons England and France unify under strong monarchs who are art patrons Northern Renaissance artists interested in realism Northern Renaissance artists interested in realism Humanists interested in social reform based on Judeo- Christian values Humanists interested in social reform based on Judeo- Christian values

Christian Humanism Advocated the study of classical languages in order to better understand what the classical authors truly intended the scriptures to say Advocated the study of classical languages in order to better understand what the classical authors truly intended the scriptures to say –Northern Humanists criticize the Catholic church, start Christian Humanism –Want to reform society and promote education, particularly for women Thomas More and Erasmus Thomas More and Erasmus

Desiderius Erasmus of Holland Best known Christian Humanist Best known Christian Humanist His book, The Praise of Folly, pokes fun at merchants and priests His book, The Praise of Folly, pokes fun at merchants and priests

Thomas More of England Christian Humanist Christian Humanist Created a model society in his book Utopia Created a model society in his book Utopia

Jan Van Eyck Born in Belgium Born in Belgium 1385 to to 1441 Famous for his oil paintings and focus on daily life of subjects Famous for his oil paintings and focus on daily life of subjects Paintings are realistic and reveal a subject’s personality Paintings are realistic and reveal a subject’s personality

Madonna of Chancellor Rolin

Peasant Wedding

The Elizabethan Age Renaissance spreads to England in mid- 1500s Renaissance spreads to England in mid- 1500s Period known as the Elizabethan Age after Queen Elizabeth I Period known as the Elizabethan Age after Queen Elizabeth I She reigns from 1558 to 1603 She reigns from 1558 to 1603

Shakespeare- the greatest writer Often regarded as the greatest playwright Often regarded as the greatest playwright Wrote Hamlet, Macbeth, Othello, and Taming of the Shrew Wrote Hamlet, Macbeth, Othello, and Taming of the Shrew Also wrote countless poetry Also wrote countless poetry 1554 to 1615 in England 1554 to 1615 in England Plays performed at Globe Theater in London Plays performed at Globe Theater in London

Gutenberg Press Around 1045 Bi Sheng of China invented movable type Around 1045 Bi Sheng of China invented movable type –Uses a separate piece of type for each character Around 1440 Johann Gutenberg of Germany develops printing press. Around 1440 Johann Gutenberg of Germany develops printing press. Printing press allows for quick, cheap book production. Printing press allows for quick, cheap book production.

Gutenberg Press Books now could become cheap enough to produce hundreds of copies Books now could become cheap enough to produce hundreds of copies European society experienced a huge growth in literacy European society experienced a huge growth in literacy Considered one of the most important inventions in human history Considered one of the most important inventions in human history First book printed was Gutenberg Bible (1455) First book printed was Gutenberg Bible (1455)

Legacy of Renaissance Changes in the Arts Changes in the Arts –Art influenced by classical Greece and Rome –Paintings and sculptures portrayed individuals and nature in more realistic and lifelike ways –Artists created secular and religious works –Writers began using the vernacular –Arts praised individual achievement

Legacy of Renaissance Changes in Society Changes in Society –Printing made more information available (like the internet in our times)  Illiterate people benefit by having books read to them –People began to question political structures and religious practices –Published accounts of maps and charts lead to more discoveries –A greater availability of books prompted an increased desire for learning and arise in literacy throughout Europe –Published legal proceedings make rights clearer to people –Christian humanists’ attempt to reform society changed views about how life should be lived.