Montgomery, Alabama December 1, 1955 – December 20, 1956

  Plessy v. Ferguson versus Brown V. Board of Education.  Segregation Still at large in the South.  Sarah Keys v. Carolina Coach Company. Background

  Whites sat in the front.  Blacks sat in the rear. Bus Segregation

  Rosa Parks, Secretary of Montgomery Chapter of NAACP arrested.  Bus driven by James F. Blake  When ordered to move back so that Whites might sit, Parks refused.  Found guilty on Dec. 5, fined $10, but appealed. December 1, 1955

  E.D. Nixon – President of Montgomery Chapter NAACP  Between Park’s arrest and trial organized a meeting of local ministers.  Founded the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA).  (later) Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. agrees to lead the MIA. Creating the Boycott

  The Women’s Political Council issues their statement in protest of Park’s arrest.  King holds mass meeting to get the support of the Black community.  All agreed - The boycott had begun in full. The Boycott Begins

  Buses received few, if any passengers.  Blacks were using Carpools, Bicycles, Walking, or even Mule- or Horse-drawn carriages.  Across the country, black churches collected money, and shoes to help support the boycott. How it worked

  A group that was opposed to racial integration.  During the boycott, its membership doubled.  Its members sometimes resorted to violence:  Firebomb attacks  Beatings and Physical assaults on boycotters  This was countered by King’s stance on ‘nonviolence’ White Citizens’ Council

 Destruction at Ralph Abernathy’s house

  King and 89 others were indicted on a city ordinance  They turned themselves in instead.  King ordered a fine or over a year in jail.  Served less than two weeks. Indictment

  Browder V. Gayle:  February 1, 1956 – District Court case filed to end segregation within Montgomery Transit System.  June 4, 1956 – The District Court ruled in favor – was undone by an appeal.  November 13, 1956 – Supreme Court ruled in favor – Allowed black passengers to sit anywhere they wanted. Victory

  Darby, Jean (1990). Martin Luther King, Jr.. Minneapolis: Lerner Publishing Group. pp  "Montgomery Bus Boycott: The story of Rosa Parks and the Civil Rights Movement". Montgomeryboycott.com. Retrieved "Montgomery Bus Boycott: The story of Rosa Parks and the Civil Rights Movement"  King, Jr., Martin Luther. Stride Toward Freedom: The Montgomery Story. New York: Harper & Row, Print. References