ORGANIZATIONAL PATTERNS THE KEY TO UNDERSTANDING

5 TYPES OF TEXTBOOK SENTENCES - REVIEW 1.Controlling Ideas – the big picture that sets up a sense of anticipation & hints at the organizational pattern 2.Major details – combine with controlling ideas for your margin notes 3.Minor details - Examples and statistics to help you understand major details, but your examples make you remember 4. Discipline specific vocabulary (words in bold type) - Every discipline builds from basic principles described with its own unique vocabulary – the language of that field of study. 5. Transition Sentences

RECOGNIZE ORGANIZATIONAL PATTERNS, AND 1. You will easily see how the 5 types of sentences fit together! 2. You will easily consolidate them into usable notes!

IT IS JUST A FEW PATTERNS YOU ALREADY KNOW!! You use them everyday! College Professors and textbooks authors you the same patterns you use! Even preschool children use them!

HOW DO WE RECOGNIZE THEM? We watch for transition words and phrases. Let’s try it! (Turn to text page 228 to help if you get stuck.)

WHAT IS THE PATTERN? Preschooler: My grandpa farts, TOO. You considering a new vehicle: BOTH Toyotas and Hondas get good gas mileage.

OTHER TRANSITION WORDS FOR THIS PATTERN In a similar way Similar Parallel to Likewise In a like manner (Purpose: Lists similarities among items)

PATTERN: COMPARISON From: Decisions for Healthy Living: “Sleep is vital to your life and can help you function at optimal levels BOTH physically and mentally. (Controlling idea sentence) Your notes: (Just add the major details) Make two lists – one for physical benefits of sleep Another for mental benefits of sleep What would you expect as minor details? (Examples & statistics)

WHAT IS THIS PATTERN? I love you Sweetheart, BUT

OTHER TRANSITIONS FOR THIS PATTERN On the other hand However Conversely Although Nevertheless (Purpose: Lists differences among items.)

PATTERN: CONTRAST From Essentials of Economics While other dot-com companies have suffered losses in recent years, eBay, ON THE OTHER HAND, has been consistently profitable. eBay is one of the most successful e-commerce businesses (controlling idea sentence). Unlike Amazon.com, it does not need expensive warehouses or storage facilities. (Major detail) What will the other major details tell you?

WHAT IS THIS PATTERN? Inmate at Winslow to Ruth: I’m in prison for being a quitter. BECAUSE If I hadn’t quit running after I robbed that ATM, I wouldn’t be in prison.

OTHER TRANSITIONS FOR THIS PATTERN CAUSES Because For this reason Due to (Purpose: Show elements that produce a result/effect) EFFECTS Consequently Hence As a result Thus Therefore

PATTERN: CAUSE AND EFFECT From: Life on Earth: Although the precise CONSEQUENCES of global warming are difficult to predict, disruptions that will affect living things are nearly certain, and Earth has already begun to experience them. (controlling idea sentence) What will the major details tell you? Examples? NOTE: There can be any number of causes and effects and EITHER the causes or the effects may be listed first.

WHAT IS THIS PATTERN? There are many ways that you are awesome students. (controlling idea sentence) Some of those ways include that you are enthusiastic, curious, and determined! (Major details) List some minor details I might use to explain each of the major details.

OTHER TRANSITIONS FOR THIS PATTERN Also Another Several (Purpose: Randomly lists items in a series)

PATTERN: SIMPLE LISTING From: Bridging the Gap, College Reading Figurative language is, in a sense, another language because it is a different way of using “regular” words so that they take on new meaning. If you understand the seven most common types of figurative language, you will unlock the meaning of this “other language” (controlling idea sentence). What major details do you anticipate? What minor details?

PATTERN: CLASSIFICATION Is similar to simple listing, but the parts make a whole, like a pie chart. (Purpose: Divides items into groups or categories) From: Bridging the Gap When we examine the systems by which blood reaches all the cells of an animal, we find TWO TYPES, known as open and closed circulatory systems. What major details would you expect?

SUMMARY The most “intimidating” organizational patterns are actually easy because you use them daily: Comparison/contrast Cause/effect Simple listing classification