Particle accelerators on earth Motivation Basic principles of charged particle beams Armin Freimann

Motivation Fundamental and applied research – particle physics – nuclear physics – photon science Industrial Process using accelerators – electron beam processing – sterilization – ion implantation Medical applications – imaging – tumor treatment Armin Freimann

Motivation Fundamental and applied research – particle physics – nuclear physics – photon science Industrial Process using accelerators – electron beam processing – sterilization – ion implantation Medical applications – imaging – tumor treatment Armin Freimann

Armin Freimann Big bang StarsAtoms nucleons inflationary expansion

The Large hadron collider 27km circumference contains 7 detectors allows proton-proton and Pb-Pb collisions Armin Freimann

The Large hadron collider center-of-mass energy: – 13 TeV for protons – 1148 TeV for Pb Protons reach 99, % of the speed of light Armin Freimann6 large-hadron-collider

The ATLAS experiment Armin Freimann

The ATLAS experiment

Armin Freimann

Nuclear physics-ISOLDE creating of atomic nucleis ionization, extraction and separation of the emerging nuclides study of nuclear reactions radioactive projectiles Armin Freimann

Armin Freimann11 a/File:Syncrotron.png

Photon science - XFEL Electromagnetic fields accelerate electrons they are directed through special arrangements of magnets to create synchrotron radiation Armin Freimann

Application of accelerators Category of accelerator usageNumbers in use High energy physics40 Radiotherapy>4000 Biomedical research800 Medical radioisotope production200 Accelerators in industry1500 Ion implanters>2000 Surface modification1000 Synchrotron radiation source50 Total in Nowadays <1% is used for particle physics Armin Freimann

Motivation Fundamental and applied research – particle physics – nuclear physics – photon science Industrial Process using accelerators – electron beam processing – sterilization – ion implantation Medical applications – imaging – tumor treatment Armin Freimann

Electron beam processing - cross linking molecules are bond together is used to work on: – plastic packages – motor car tires – cables Armin Freimann

Electron beam processing Armin Freimann

Electron beam processing - Sterilization Particle beams may be used to: – kill bacteria and viruses – change the chemical behavior of substances Armin Freimann17

Required doses Radiation effectDose requirements [J/kg] Radiography1-10 *10^-3 Deadly dose to humans0.4 – 0.5 Drinking water cleanup250 – 500 Insect control (grains, fruits)250 – 500 Fungi and mould control1 – 3 Food damaging bacteria1 – 3 Smoke ( and ) scrubbing10 – 30 Polymerization of monomers10 – 50 Modification of polymers50 – Armin Freimann

Particle accelerators used in the industry Armin Freimann

Ion implantation change the electrical behavior – semiconductors – superconductors harden the surface – ball bearings – hip and knee joints avoid corrosion Armin Freimann miconductors&lang=1

Ion implantation

Motivation Fundamental and applied research – particle physics – nuclear physics – photon science Industrial Process using accelerators – electron beam processing – sterilization – ion implantation Medical applications – imaging – tumor treatment Armin Freimann

Medical application-imaging Positron emission tomography (PET) Radiography Armin Freimann

Medical application-tumor treatment tumors cells are destroyed: – with X-rays – with protons Armin Freimann

Principles of charged particle beams Lorentz Force: – if electric and magnetic fields cause the same force when we assume that => 1 T gets the same force as 300 MV/m Armin Freimann

Principles of charged particle beams Armin Freimann

Arrangement of magnets and electric fields Armin Freimann27 are-injected-into-the-ring-of-an-alternating-gradient

Principles of charged particle beams Armin Freimann28 muenchen.de/~Otmar.Biebel/beschleuniger/beschleuniger_ 04.pdf

Magnetic rigidity Armin Freimann