Immigration Effects on Industry and Life

Immigrant Someone who leaves their native land to live permanently in another country

Steerage The lowest deck of a ship containing the steering equipment, where the lowest- paying passengers stayed. Steerage passengers were offered the most basic amenities including limited toilet use, no privacy, and poor food.

Ellis Island An island located in New York City’s harbor where millions of immigrants were processed before being either accepted or denied to enter the United States. ***Angel Island – off the coast of California where Chinese immigrants entered America

Ellis Island Angel Island Hitch - Ellis Island Scene

Reasons for Increased Immigration Hope for better opportunities Religious freedom Escape oppressive governments Adventure

Reasons Why Cities Developed Rapid expansion of industry in the U.S. Specialized industries including Steel mills (Pittsburgh), Meat packing plants (Chicago), and the textile (clothing) industry (New England)

Reasons Why Cities Developed Immigrants from other countries often chose to live in cities because that’s where the jobs were and they wanted to be near people who had familiar traditions Movement of Americans from rural (country/farm) to urban (city) areas for job opportunities.

Pittsburgh Steel Worker

Chicago Meat Packing Plant

New England Textile Worker

Detroit Automobile Worker

Discrimination Against Immigrants Chinese Irish

Chinese Exclusion Act Laws stopping Chinese people from immigrating to the United States for a period of ten years.

Nativists People who are prejudice toward immigrants

Efforts to Solve Immigration Problems Settlement houses, such as Hull House (Chicago) founded by Jane Addams for the purpose of helping immigrants in the cities.

Settlement Houses Neighborhood centers that arose in the late 1800’s to offer education, recreation, and social activities to immigrants and poor people.

Hull House Settlement house in Chicago, Illinois founded by Jane Addams in 1889.

Jane Addams American social reformer who founded Hull House in Chicago, Illinois for the purpose of assisting immigrants in the city.

Efforts to Solve Immigration Problems Political machines attended to the needs of new immigrants by giving them jobs and housing in order to gain power. Political Machines Political organizations that used illegal methods to ensure that their candidates won elections. For example, a boss might need a certain number of votes to elect his party’s candidate to office; in exchange for these votes the boss might offer city jobs or neighborhood improvements. Bosses gained much of their support from the immigrants.

Bosse s Corrupt political leaders who used bribery and favors to win elections William Marcy Tweed Commonly known as “Boss” Tweed, he was an American politician and head of Tammany Hall (New York democratic political machine from ). He was convicted and eventually imprisoned for stealing millions of dollars from the city.

Challenges Faced by Cities Tenements - Poorly built, overcrowded housing where many immigrants lived. Ghettos - part of a city occupied by a particular ethnic group usually with social or economic issues

Challenges Faced by Cities Political Corruption (political machines)