Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 1 of 29 PowerPoint presentation Types of organisation, contractor and specialist firm Unit 101: Structure of the construction industry

Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 2 of 29 Types of organisation The construction trade is made up of many different types and sizes of company. Each company may specialise in one area of construction or could be more general. It may have a lot of employees or may only have a few. Some companies may specialise in large contracts while others might prefer small contracts.

Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 3 of 29 Types of organisation Small Medium Large Sole trader Partnership Limited company

Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 4 of 29 Types of organisation Sole trader One person owns their own business and looks after everything: Quoting jobs Arranging jobs Organising materials Completing the jobs A big advantage is that they are able to keep the profits and make their own decisions, but they do have sole responsibility for the business. Filling in the paperwork Issuing the invoices Keeping the accounts

Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 5 of 29 Types of organisation Partnership This is a popular type of company in the construction trade: Different trades can work together and build the company up Two or more of the same trade can create a strong working relationship Partnerships broaden expertise and share responsibility Profits and the debts can be shared For example, a plumber and electrician or a bricklayer and a plasterer may join together to form a partnership, offering customers a broader range of services.

Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 6 of 29 Types of organisation Limited company When a company grows in size it may expand to become a limited company: The company has to be registered It will have a legal identity Its owners are allowed to have shares in the company Its owners can become directors Limited companies will typically have a larger workforce They have to submit accurate accounts each year There are several tax and investment advantages for a limited company

Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 7 of 29 Contractors The building contractor The building contractor will sign the main contract with the client to carry out the work according to the drawings and specification. To tender for a contract, they would employ an estimator, buyer, planner, safety officer and contract manager to help put the tender together.

Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 8 of 29 Contractors Sub-contractor The sub-contractor signs a contract with the main contractor to carry out a specific or specialised part of the job. This could be plumbing, electrical, air conditioning. In some cases it can be supplying labour only. We will look at the specialist areas offered by different trades.

Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 9 of 29 Specialist firms Each sub-contractor could be a specialist firm, offering a specialist product or service. For example, a plumber may specialise in one of the following: Bathroom installation A particular make of boiler Showers Wet room installation Underfloor heating Solar hot water

Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 10 of 29 Specialist firms Electrician An electrician may specialise in one of the following: Alarm systems Access control CCTV High-voltage work Low-voltage work

Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 11 of 29 Specialist firms Carpenter A carpenter may specialise in one of the following: Oak wood only Hand-made kitchens Stair cases Retro-fit roof trusses Period properties

Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 12 of 29 Specialist firms Bricklayer A bricklayer may specialise in one of the following: Garden walls and landscape Archways Tunnel lining Ornate brickwork Period properties and materials

Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 13 of 29 Specialist firms Plasterer A plasterer may specialise in one of the following: External rendering Coving Artex Period properties and materials Decorative plaster work

Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 14 of 29 Specialist firms Gas engineers Gas engineers are trained and certified as ‘competent’ in the installation, testing and maintenance of gas systems. They will be registered with Gas Safe, who keep a list of all competent engineers. The registration is also a confirmation of competence to the customer.

Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 15 of 29 Specialist firms Heating engineers Heating engineers will be trained to a high level in the design, installation and maintenance of central heating systems. They are familiar with current regulation concerning the control systems and regulations for this area. Enabled/Sundial-RF2-Pack-3/

Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 16 of 29 Specialist firms Industrial plumbers Industrial plumbers install hot and cold water systems in commercial situations. This means the use of low-carbon steel pipe will be more commonly used. The ability to weld and braze will be required for industrial installations.

Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 17 of 29 Specialist firms Drainage specialists Drainage specialists are required for both domestic and commercial situations. They will be required to unblock a single house drain to maintain the flow within the main sewer systems in city centres. They would also repair any damaged or collapsed drains that need attention.

Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 18 of 29 Specialist firms Maintenance engineers Maintenance engineers are required to carry out any planned preventative maintenance for commercial installations along with any unforeseen maintenance issues that could arise in commercial and domestic situations.

Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 19 of 29 Specialist firms Domestic electricians Domestic electricians will carry out any installation work within a domestic property. This would include installing and testing the lighting circuit and the power circuits within the property and could be for a new build or any extension/retrofit work that may take place.

Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 20 of 29 Specialist firms Industrial/commercial electricians Industrial/commercial electricians are responsible for the installation and testing of lighting and power circuits in factories and shops. This may include installations at higher industrial voltages and involve different regulations.

Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 21 of 29 Specialist firms Maintenance electricians Maintenance electricians are required to carry out any planned preventative maintenance for commercial installations along with any unforeseen maintenance issues that could arise in both commercial and domestic situations. For example, large companies such as supermarkets may ask a maintenance company to replace all the lamps in one of its stores.

Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 22 of 29 Specialist firms Alarm engineers Alarm engineers will design, install and maintain intruder alarm and CCTV systems. This will include the control panels, wiring and sensors that make up these systems. Breakdowns, re-sets and callouts would all be part of this job.

Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 23 of 29 Specialist firms Architect The architect is the designer of the project and considered the leader of the management team. They convert the client’s ideas and requirements into a building design and working drawings. They liaise with the client regularly at the early stages, and regularly throughout the project.

Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 24 of 29 Specialist firms Structural engineer This is a specialist engineer who works closely with the architect to find the most efficient method of construction. They calculate loads, forces, variances from wind and rain, and look at structural safety. They are sometimes involved in insurance claims, repair work and alterations to properties.

Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 25 of 29 Specialist firms Clerk of works Generally appointed by the architect, the clerk of works acts as their representative on site. They will ensure the building is constructed as per the drawings, standard of work and quality of materials. The clerk of works will liaise regularly with the architect and the construction teams on site and can sign a variation order.

Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 26 of 29 Specialist firms Estimator The estimator works for the contractor and will break down the bill of quantities into unit parts, which represent the amount it will cost a contractor to complete each stage. To this they will add company overheads and profit margin.

Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 27 of 29 Specialist firms Buyer The buyer also works for the contractor and will source all the materials needed to complete a project by obtaining quotations from suppliers for materials, with delivery times and quality assurance.

Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 28 of 29 Specialist firms Site manager Sometimes known as the construction manager or the site agent, they are responsible for running the site. They plan ahead and make sure the work is carried out safely.

Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 29 of 29 Any questions?