Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE THREE WAYS OF INCORPORATING OTHER WRITERS' WORK INTO YOUR OWN WRITING?

What is Plagiarism? Is copying just a sentence or two without crediting a source plagiarism? Is it OK to paraphrase what another has written without correctly citing the author? Is it OK to use information or ideas without crediting the source if the exact words are not used? Can you use parts of a friend's paper as your own if he or she says it's OK?

Why do we use quotes, paraphrases, and summaries? To provide support for claims or add credibility to your writing To refer to work that leads up to the work you are now doing To give examples of several points of view on a subject To highlight a particularly striking phrase, sentence, or passage by quoting the original To expand the breadth or depth of your writing

QUOTING Quotations must… Be identical to the original Use a narrow segment of the source Match the source document word for word Be attributed to the original author

PARAPHRASING Involves putting a passage from source material into your own words Paraphrased material must also be attributed to the source A paraphrase is usually shorter than the original passage

SUMMARIZING Involves putting the main idea(s) into your own words, including only the main points Summaries must also be attributed to the source Summaries are significantly shorter than the original and give a broad overview of the source material

Six Steps to Effective Paraphrasing 1. Reread the original passage until you understand its full meaning. You can’t paraphrase what you don’t understand. 2. Set the original aside, and write your paraphrase on the right side of the 2-sided notes. 3. Jot down a few words above your paraphrase to remind you later how you envision using this material (ex – hook, support, OR letter 1, letter 2).

Six Steps to Effective Paraphrasing 4. Check your version with the original to make sure that your version accurately expresses all the essential information in a new form 5. Use quotation marks to identify any unique term or phraseology you have borrowed exactly from the source. 6. Record the source (including the page) on your note card so that you can credit it easily if you decide to incorporate the material into your paper. At the top of the 2- sided notes, write the correct MLA citation.

Original Passage: Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in the final [research] paper. Probably only about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source material while taking notes. Lester, James D. Writing Research Papers. 2nd ed. (1976): One: In research papers students often quote excessively, failing to keep quoted material down to a desirable level. Since the problem usually originates during note taking, it is essential to minimize the material recorded verbatim (Lester 4647). Three: Students often use too many direct quotations when they take notes, resulting in too many of them in the final research paper. In fact, probably only about 10% of the final copy should consist of directly quoted material. So it is important to limit the amount of source material copied while taking notes. Two: Students should take just a few notes in direct quotation from sources to help minimize the amount of quoted material in a research paper (Lester 4647).

Original Passage: Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in the final [research] paper. Probably only about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source material while taking notes. Lester, James D. Writing Research Papers. 2nd ed. (1976): A Legitimate Paraphrase: In research papers students often quote excessively, failing to keep quoted material down to a desirable level. Since the problem usually originates during note taking, it is essential to minimize the material recorded verbatim (Lester 4647). A Plagiarized Version: Students often use too many direct quotations when they take notes, resulting in too many of them in the final research paper. In fact, probably only about 10% of the final copy should consist of directly quoted material. So it is important to limit the amount of source material copied while taking notes. An Acceptable Summary: Students should take just a few notes in direct quotation from sources to help minimize the amount of quoted material in a research paper (Lester 4647).

Let’s Practice! Paraphrase/Quote/Summarize the following paragraph based on what you have been assigned: "Exercise" It is well known that exercise helps to alleviate stress. The National Heart, Lung and Blood Association (NHLBA) endorse exercise as a way to reduce stress, and recommends cardiovascular exercise that elevates the heart rate for 15 to 30 minutes--three to four times a week. The American Psychology Association has conducted numerous studies indicating the beneficial effects of exercise in dealing with stress. Exercise releases endorphins into the blood stream. Endorphins are "feel good" hormones and are the body's natural pain- killers. They also generate the sensory perception of physical well-being, which in turn contributes to emotional and mental health. Bella Online -- title of website Christine Krogue -- author -- URL