The Romans Kingdom, Republic, and Empire

Rome’s Location = Success Center of Mediterranean Trade Routes Center of Mediterranean Trade Routes Along Tiber River for Transportation Along Tiber River for Transportation Defensible Hills for Protection Defensible Hills for Protection Fertile Farm Land Fertile Farm Land

The Roman Kingdom 753 BC BC Founded by Romulus – The first King of Rome Founded by Romulus – The first King of Rome Kings were elected by the senate to serve for life Kings were elected by the senate to serve for life The Senate was 100 representatives of Rome who assisted the king The Senate was 100 representatives of Rome who assisted the king Tarquinias abused his power as King, so the Roman people removed Kings from Rome Tarquinias abused his power as King, so the Roman people removed Kings from Rome

The Kings Latin name for King was Rex Latin name for King was Rex Kings had special clothing Kings had special clothing Purple Robe Purple Robe Red Shoes Red Shoes White Crown White Crown

The Roman Republic 510 BC – 27 BC The King was The King was replaced by Consuls Elected for 1 year Elected for 1 yearterms Always more than Always more than 1 consul Could veto each other Could veto each other Laws were made jointly by two groups: Laws were made jointly by two groups: Senate – represented the rich & controlled government money Senate – represented the rich & controlled government money Plebian Assembly – represented the poor and passed laws Plebian Assembly – represented the poor and passed laws

Roman Expansion By 268 BC Rome controlled all of Italy By 268 BC Rome controlled all of Italy Romans granted citizenship to those they conquered Romans granted citizenship to those they conquered Citizenship meant: Citizenship meant: They played a part in Roman Government They played a part in Roman Government They were protected under Roman Laws They were protected under Roman Laws They could be called to serve in the Army They could be called to serve in the Army

Roman Legion Made up of Roman Citizens Made up of Roman Citizens No Standing Army No Standing Army Conscripted by the Republic when needed Conscripted by the Republic when needed Well Trained Well Trained Well Equipped Well Equipped Valued Teamwork Over Bravery and Heroics Valued Teamwork Over Bravery and Heroics

Carthage Commercial center of the Mediterranean Commercial center of the Mediterranean Republic Form of Government Republic Form of Government The Dominant Power at the time Rome was expanding The Dominant Power at the time Rome was expanding

Punic Wars 264 BC – 146 BC

First Punic War 264 BC – 241 BC Fought for Control of Sicily Fought for Control of Sicily Most Battles at Sea Most Battles at Sea Rome Built 100+ Ships in 2 Months Rome Built 100+ Ships in 2 Months Rome Won Rome Won

Second Punic War 218 BC – 201 BC Hannibal attacks the Roman Empire Hannibal attacks the Roman Empire Hannibal Ravages Italy For Over 10 Years Hannibal Ravages Italy For Over 10 Years

Second Punic War Cont. A Roman General Named Scipio Attacked Carthage A Roman General Named Scipio Attacked Carthage This Cut Hannibal's Supply Lines Forcing Him to Return Home This Cut Hannibal's Supply Lines Forcing Him to Return Home Scippio Defeated Hannibal, and Forbade Carthage From Ever Forming a New Army Scippio Defeated Hannibal, and Forbade Carthage From Ever Forming a New Army

Third Punic War 149 BC – 146 BC When Carthage Raises an Army to Defend Itself, The Romans Come Back and Destroy the City, and Sell the Citizens in to Slavery. When Carthage Raises an Army to Defend Itself, The Romans Come Back and Destroy the City, and Sell the Citizens in to Slavery.

Outcome of Punic Wars Latin Became the Primary Language of the Mediterranean Latin Became the Primary Language of the Mediterranean Europe Became the Center of Commerce Instead of Africa Europe Became the Center of Commerce Instead of Africa Rome Became the Most Powerful Empire in the World Rome Became the Most Powerful Empire in the World

End of the Republic Rome had many slaves from conquests Rome had many slaves from conquests Slaves worked for the rich on large plantations Slaves worked for the rich on large plantations The plantations drove farmers out of business The plantations drove farmers out of business

End of the Republic cont. They were forced off their farms They were forced off their farms They lived on Welfare and begged for help They lived on Welfare and begged for help Julius Caesar promised to help the people Julius Caesar promised to help the people

End of the Republic Cont. Julius manipulated the Law to become “Dictator for Life” with the poor’s support Julius manipulated the Law to become “Dictator for Life” with the poor’s support He was assassinated by the Senate for gaining too much power He was assassinated by the Senate for gaining too much power

Roman Empire Caesar's nephew Octavian avenged his Julius Caesar's nephew Octavian avenged his Julius Octavian became Emperor and changed his name to Augustus Octavian became Emperor and changed his name to Augustus This ended the Republic and began the Roman Empire This ended the Republic and began the Roman Empire

Pax Romana Augustus began a 200 year period of peace and prosperity for the Roman Empire Augustus began a 200 year period of peace and prosperity for the Roman Empire It would end after the death of Marcus Aurelius It would end after the death of Marcus Aurelius