Do Now: Think back to the Jones Beach lab where you classified and sorted organisms. What do scientists sort organisms based on?

Spider crab vs. green crab

What is taxonomy? The way in which organisms are sorted based on physical characteristics and DNA code.

organisms 2 groupsKingdoms : Initially all organisms, were broken down into only 2 major groups or Kingdoms : PlantsPlants AnimalsAnimals

Taxonomy: divideHowever, as more organisms were discovered there was a need to divide the groups even further. classification Taxonomy structureThe classification of living organisms is called Taxonomy and is primarily based on structure of the organism.

Classification Categories: broad generalThe 5 kingdoms are very broad and general categories. subdivided specific categories.To help organize the wide variety of animals, plants etc, the 5 kingdoms were subdivided into more specific categories.

The Classification Categories are: KingdomKingdom PhylumPhylum ClassClass OrderOrder FamilyFamily GenusGenus SpeciesSpecies Keep Ponds Clean OrOrOrOr Fish Get Sick! Least Specific Most Specific

The Five Kingdoms… major groupsThere are now 5 kingdoms or major groups. They are: –Monerans –Monerans (bacteria, algae) –Protists –Protists (ameba, paramecium) –Fungi –Fungi (lichens, yeast, mold) –Plants –Plants(grasses, trees, flowers) –Animals –Animals (fish, birds, dogs, humans)

A. Kingdom Monera MicroscopicMicroscopic UnicellularUnicellular (single cell) ProkaryoticProkaryotic (no nucleus) cell organellesLack most cell organelles absorptionIngest food by absorption Ex: Blue-green algae, bacteria

Blue-green Algae

B. Kingdom Protista UnicellularUnicellular (single cell) EukaryoticEukaryotic (has nucleus) motileSome are motile (able to move) Ex: Amoeba, paramecium

Ameba

Paramecium

C. Kingdom Fungi MulticellularMulticellular (has many cells) EukaryoticEukaryotic (has nucleus) cell wallsHave cell walls but CANNOT make own food Ex: lichens, yeast, mold, mushrooms

Marine Fungi Rarely heard of Important role in decomposing (breaking down cellulose in plant material) Coral reefs, estuaries, mangroves, etc.

Lichens

Mold

Moldy Room

Yeast

D. Plant Kingdom MulticellularMulticellular EukaryoticEukaryotic photosynthesisMake food by photosynthesis SessileSessile (does not move) Kelp can grow half a meter a day!

Phytoplankton

Sea grass The only flowering plant in the ocean!

E. Animal Kingdom Multicellular Eukaryotic Obtain food mostly by ingestion Motile

1. Kingdom largest generalThis is the largest and most general unit of classification What kingdom do dolphins belong to?Animalia

Bottle Nose Dolphin Taxonomy KingdomAnimalia Phylum:Chordata Class:Mammalia Order:Cetacea Family:Delphinidae Genus:Tursiops Species: truncatusAnimaliaChordataMammaliaCetaceaDelphinidae

2. Phylum grouping general body planstructureThe grouping of organisms based on general body plan and structure What phylum do dolphins belong to?Chordata nerve cord craniumAll chordates have a dorsal (back) nerve cord and cranium that protects the brain. Ex: Humans, dolphins, sharks, dogs, frogs

3. Class common characteristicsShare common characteristics What class do dolphins belong to? Mammalia (mammals) Ex: Characteristics: –Hair on body –Give birth to live young –Warm blooded

4. Order more similar classThese organisms are more similar than those of the same class What order do dolphins belong to?Cetaceans

Dolphins, whales & porpoises

Sub order: Odontocetes Toothed whales Carnivores

5. Family appearance feeding habits, behaviors, and general functionsThey are similar in appearance, and have the same feeding habits, behaviors, and general functions What family do Dolphins belong to?Delphinidae Ex: orca, pilot whales; fast, use echolocation, do not dive as deep as other cetaceans

6. Genus appearance may breedwith each otherThey are more similar in appearance and may breed with each other What genus do dolphins belong to?Tursiops Ex:Rounded forehead, pronounced “beak”

Slight, almost un-noticable genetic differences Common bottle nose Indopacific bottle nose (T. aduncus ) Pacific bottle nose (T. gillii) Black sea bottle nose (T. truncatus ponticus )

7. Species most specificThis is the most specific unit of classification interbreed freelyThese individuals can interbreed freely and are most similar to each other What species do bottle nose dolphins belong to? truncatus truncatus

Bottle Nose Dolphin Taxonomy KingdomAnimalia Phylum:Chordata Class:Mammalia Order:Cetacea Family:Delphinidae Genus:Tursiops Species: truncatusAnimaliaChordataMammaliaCetaceaDelphinidae

Binomial Nomenclature 2 namesEvery organism has 2 names GenusThe first name is the Genus (always Capitalized) speciesThe second name is the species (lower case) H omo s apiensThe scientific name for humans therefore is H omo s apiens which means “wise man”

What is the scientific name for a dog? CanisThe Genus is Canis Canis familiarisHouse pet = Canis familiaris Canis lupusWolf = Canis lupus

What is the scientific name for a cat? FelisThe genus is Felis Felis domesticaHouse pet = Felis domestica Felis rufaBobcat = Felis rufa