Plant Names and Classification

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Presentation transcript:

Plant Names and Classification Chapter 16 Lecture Outline Plant Names and Classification Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Outline Introduction Binomial System of Nomenclature The International Code of Botanical Nomenclature Domain & Kingdom Concept Classification of Major Groups The Species Concept

Classification of Major Groups 3 domains: Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya Domains broken up into Kingdoms Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Kingdoms broken up into Phyla

PLANT PHYLA For the Plant Kingdom: There are approximately 12 Phyla

Phylum Polypodiophyta Phylum Bryophyta Phylum Coniferophyta Phylum ??? = Angiosperms

The Domain & Kingdom Concept TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION– grouping of similar organisms into groups MEMORY AID Domain Do Kingdom Keep Phylum Philip’s Class Clothes Order On Family For Genus Goodness Species Sakes

Binomial System of Nomenclature All species given a unique two word name representing the GENUS and SPECIES names. Spearmint: Mentha spicata L. A page from Species Plantarum by Linnaeus

Classification of Major Groups Example: onion Domain Eukarya Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Angiosperm Class: Monocot

Genus: Allium Species: Allium cepa L. Allium Flavum Allium Schoenoprasum

Example: California Rose Domain Eukarya Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Angiosperm

Class: Eudicot Order: Rosales Family: Rosaceae Spiraea douglassii Geum macrophyllum

Species: Rosa californica Genus: Rosa Species: Rosa californica Rosa Gymnocarpa Rosa Woodsii

Class: Moncot Order: Liliales Family: Liliaceae

COMMON NAMES: Unreliable Examples Dicentra cucullaria - Many common names: Dutchman’s breeches, little-boy’s breeches, monkshood, boys-and-girls, soldier’s cap, white hearts,…, plus others in different languages Monkshood is common name for Dicentra cucullaria and for Aconitum species, which is in a different family.

The International Code of Botanical Nomenclature Book that standardizes rules governing the naming and classification of plants Two steps for a new plant species: Latin description of plant must be published in a journal or other public publication. Author must designate type specimen that is deposited in a herbarium.

The Species Concept Morphological species concept - A species is defined by morphology. Interbreeding species concept - A species is a population capable of interbreeding and is reproductively isolated from other groups. Ecological species concept - A species is a group of related individuals that occupy a unique ecological niche.