Kingdom Classifications

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Presentation transcript:

Kingdom Classifications Section 15.1

History of Kingdom Systems Aristotle was the first to classify organisms: Plant Animal Microscope use allowed scientist to see: Microscopic organisms Cells had different structures

The Five Kingdom System Animalia Plantae Fungi Protista Monera The five kingdom system worked for a while until new technology allowed scientist to see different gene sequences in bacteria, so another kingdom was formed

The Six Kingdom System Animalia Plantae Fungi Protista Archaebacteria Eubacteria *What do you notice that is different?

The Six Kingdom System The kingdom Monera was divided into Archaebacteria (ancient bacteria)had different gene sequences Chemical specialization in their cell walls Lived in the most extreme places (Dead Sea, Hot springs) Eubacteria All other bacteria Includes disease causing bacteria

Domains Some scientists classify the six kingdoms into Domains

Kingdom Classifications Section 15.2

Bacteria Bacteria are single-cell, prokaryotic organisms No true nucleus No other organelles Bacteria belong to two different Kingdoms Kingdom Archaebacteria Kingdom Eubacteria Most numerous organisms on Earth

Comparing Archae- and Eu-bacteria Archaebacteria Eubacteria Live in harsh environments Hot sulfur springs, the Great Salt Lake, Volcanic deep-sea vents Love extreme pH level (acidic or basic) Love heat Have similar RNA gene sequences that are different from Eubacteria Most are Autotrophs Anaerobic (without oxygen) Chemosynthesis Most familiar bacteria Some are disease-causing Classified by Shape (coccus, bacillus, spirillum Gram stain (positive or negative) Can obtain nutrients as Heterotrophs Parasites Autotrophs Saprotrophs Most have flagella for movement

Bacteria Reproduction Bacteria do not have a nucleus, but they DO have DNA in their cytoplasm Bacteria reproduce by Replicating DNA Double cell size Divide in half Two type of bacterial reproduction are Binary fission (cells are identical) Conjugation (exchange DNA with another cell)

Bacteria Reproduction Binary Fission Conjugation

Kingdom Classifications Section 15.3

Kingdom Protista Protists are all eukaryotes with a nucleus and organelles Includes any organism that does not fit the other kingdoms

Animal-Like Protists Called Protozoans Single-celled Heterotrophic Classified by how they move: Ciliates (paramecium) Flagellates(Euglena) Amoebas Sporozoans

Animal-Like Protists Paramecium with cilia Euglena with flagella

Animal-Like Protists Amoeba with pseudopod

Plant-Like Protists Called Algae Autotrophs with chlorophyll and carry-out photosynthesis Classified by color and structure Green, red, brown, golden Single-cellular or multicellular

Plant-Like Protists Euglena live in freshwater and are unicellular Diatoms are unicellular and have a glasslike outer shell

Fungus-Like Protists Are decomposers Slime molds, downy mildews, water molds

Kingdom Classifications Section 15.4

Kingdom Fungi Most Fungi are multicellular and they grow anywhere there is moisture They were once classified as plants, but they do not have chlorophyll Fungi can be Consumers (heterotrophs) Decomposers (saprotrophs) Most have a cell wall made of chitin

Fungi Reproduction Reproduction may occur: Sexually by producing spores Asexually by fission or budding