Classification The Six Kingdoms

Classification System – Old vs. New When Linnaeus developed his system of classification, there were only two kingdoms, Plants and Animals. But the use of the microscope led to the discovery of new organisms and the identification of differences in cells. A two-kingdom system was no longer useful. Today the system of classification includes six kingdoms.

The Six Kingdoms 1. Archaebacteria 2. Eubacteria 3. Protists 4. Fungi 5. Plantae 6. Animalia Unicellular &

How are organisms placed into kingdoms? Cell type: – prokaryote - simple – eukaryote - complex Number of cells in their body – unicellular – one-celled – multicellular – more than one cell Ability to make food: – autotroph - use energy from sunlight to produce their own food – plants – heterotroph - depend on others for food

Cell Type – Simple or Complex? Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic.htm Click on the link above for a comparison of the two. Prokaryotes – no nucleus Simple Eukaryotes - nucleus Complex

1. Kingdom Archaebacteria Appeared 3 to 4 Billion Years ago

1. Archaebacteria In 1983, scientists took samples from a spot deep in the Pacific Ocean where hot gases and molten rock boiled into the ocean form the Earth’s interior. To their surprise they discovered unicellular (one cell) organisms in the samples. These organisms are today classified in the kingdom, Archaebacteria. Prokaryotes – simple cells Unicellular Some - Autotrophs Some - Heterotrophs Found in extreme environments such as hot boiling water and thermal vents

2. Kingdom Eubacteria Appeared 3-4 Billion Years Ago

2. Eubacteria Most bacteria are in the EUBACTERIA kingdom Prokaryotes - simple cells Unicellular Most are heterotrophs as decomposers Some are autotrophs

2. Most Eubacteria are helpful. Some produce vitamins and foods like yogurt. However the bacteria below, Streptococci, can give you strep throat !

3. Protists Kingdom Appeared 1.5 Billion Years Ago

3. Protists Slime molds and algae Odds and ends kingdom because members are so different from one another Protists include all microscopic organisms that are not bacteria, not animals, not plants and not fungi. Protists Eukaryotes - Complex cells Unicellular or Multicellular Some are heterotrophs and some are autotrophs (algae)

3. You may be wondering why protists are not classified in the Archaebacteria or Eubacteria kingdoms. It is because, unlike bacteria, protists are eukaryotes or complex cells.

4. Kingdom Fungi Appeared 1 Billion Years Ago

4. Fungi Mushrooms, mold and mildew Eukaryotes - complex cells Multicellular or unicellular (some yeasts) Heterotrophs

4. Fungi are organisms that biologists once confused with plants however unlike plants, Fungi cannot make their own food! Most obtain their food from parts of plants that are decaying in soil.

5. Kingdom --- Plantae

5. Plantae Kingdom Appeared 500 million years ago Flowering plants, mosses, and ferns These include grasses (grains), fruits and vegetables, nuts, shrubs, and trees. Eukaryotes Multicellular Autotrophs

5. Without plants, life on Earth would not exist! Plants feed almost all the heterotrophs (organisms that eat other organisms) on Earth.

6. Animalia Kingdom Appeared 700 Million Years Ago Sumatran Tiger Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum, Chordata, Class Mammalia, Order Carnivora, Family Felidae, Genus Pathera, Species tigris

6. Animalia Kingdom largest kingdom with over 1 million known species Eukaryotes Multicellular Heterotrophs