Unit 9 Notes: Taxonomy and Kingdoms How can we classify these?

Classification Carolus Linnaeus Dichotomous Keys grouped organisms together based on structural and physical similarities Modern scientists also use evolutionary relationships A tool used to identify organisms based on different characteristics

Taxonomy Trick to Remember: Binomial Nomenclature: Keep putting chocolate out for goodness sake. King Phillip came over for grape soda. System to give everything a scientific name- Genus species

Kingdom – Animalia Phylum – Chordata Class – Mammalia Order – Primates Family – Hominidae Genus – Homo Species – sapien Kingdom – Animalia Phylum – Chordata Class – Mammalia Order – Artiodactyla Family – Bovidae Genus – Bos Species – taurus Scientific Names (Binomial Nomenclature)

Cladograms Panthera pardus (leopard) Mephitis mephitis (striped skunk) Lutra lutra (European otter) Canis familiaris (domestic dog) Canis lupus (wolf) Panthera Mephitis Lutra Canis FelidaeMustelidaeCanidae Carnivora Order Family Genus Species Charts/graphs that show how organisms evolved and how close things are related.

DOGRACERDOGRACER

Kingdoms Largest group of organisms that are similar: Archeabacteria Monera Eubacteria Protists Fungi Plants Animals

Monera Kingdom D – All monera cells have DNA O – Organ System or Organelles? G – Increases in size throughout life

Monera Kingdom R – All monera maintain homeostasis A – Adapted for many environments C – Unicellular or Multicellular? Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?

Monera Kingdom E – Heterotrophic or Autotrophic? R – Sexual or Asexual?

Monera Kingdom

Protist Kingdom D – All protist cells have DNA O – Organ System or Organelles? G – Increases in size throughout life

Protist Kingdom R – All protists maintain homeostasis A – Adapted for mobility C – Unicellular or Multicellular? Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?

Protist Kingdom E – Heterotrophic or Autotrophic? R – Sexual or Asexual?

Protist Kingdom

Organism 1: Euglena Organism 2: Ameoba Organism 3: Paramecium

Fungi Kingdom D – All fungi cells have DNA O – Organ System or Organelles? G – Increases in size throughout life

Fungi Kingdom R – All fungi maintain homeostasis A – Adapted for decomposition C – Unicellular or Multicellular? Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?

Fungi Kingdom E – Heterotrophic or Autotrophic? R – Sexual or Asexual?

Fungi Kingdom

Plant Kingdom D – All plant cells have DNA O – Organ System or Organelles? G – Increases in size throughout life

Plant Kingdom R – All plants maintain homeostasis A – Adapted for photosynthesis C – Unicellular or Multicellular? Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?

Plant Kingdom E – Heterotrophic or Autotrophic? R – Sexual or Asexual?

Parts of the Flower

Plant Kingdom

Animal Kingdom D – All animal cells have DNA O – Organ System or Organelles? G – Increases in size throughout life

Animal Kingdom R – All animals maintain homeostasis A – Adapted for mobility C – Unicellular or Multicellular? Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?

Animal Kingdom E – Heterotrophic or Autotrophic? R – Sexual or Asexual?

Animal Kingdom

Symmetry Asymmetry Radial Symmetry Bilateral Symmetry

Types of Vertebrates ______________________ (Osteichthyes/Chondrichthyes/Agnatha) ______________________ (amphibia) ______________________(reptilia) ______________________(mammalia) ______________________(aves)

Fish Class

Amphibians Slimy, need to be near water Metamorphosis during life time (adapt from aquatic to land environment; example tadpole to frog)

Reptiles

Aves - Birds

Mammals

Invertebrates ______________________

Arthropod Phylum

Worm Phylum

Cnidarian/Coelenterates Phylum

Mollusk Phylum

Porifera Phylum

Echinodermata Phylum

Germ Theory/Koch’s Postulates

Transmission & Prevention of Disease

Characteristics of Viruses D – All viruses have DNA O – All viruses are organized G –

Characteristics of Viruses R – A – Viruses can adapt C –

Characteristics of Viruses E – R –

Characteristics of Viruses