Roosevelt and the New Deal Unit 5 Chapter 10

Essential Question for Lecture #4 1.) What steps did FDR take to restore people’s faith in America’s financial institutions (banks and stock market)? 2.) How effective were FDR’s unemployment programs?

Lecture 4: The First New Deal A. FDR Takes Office 1. Election of 1932 – Republicans re-nominated Herbert Hoover – Democrats nominated Franklin Delano Roosevelt – FDR won pledging a “new deal for the American people” 2. FDR’s Administration – Cabinet was nicknamed “The Brain Trust” – FDR was willing to try any idea – FDR’s 3 Goals (aka the 3 R’s) Relief – provide immediate relief to Americans (short term) Recovery – improve/stabilize the economy Reform – fix the economic problems that led to the great depression (long term)

1932 Presidential Election

B. Fixing the Banks and the Stock Market 1. Emergency Banking Relief Act – Temporarily closed banks – Re-opened when the govt. verified they were stable – Americans regained faith in banks and deposits outweighed withdrawal 2. “Fireside Chats” – FDR’s radio addresses that explained New Deal programs to Americans 3. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) – Regulated the stock market; stock prices reflected value of company selling stock 4. Glass-Steagall Banking Act – Set up the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) that insured deposits in America’s banks; no more bank failures and bank runs

C. Managing Farms and Industry 1. Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) – Paid farmers subsidy payments to not grow crops – Lowered supply which increased price of crops 2. National Industry Recovery Act (NIRA) – Suspended antitrust laws; made it easier for corporations to expand and make profits – Established NRA Codes : set prices, established minimum wages, production quality, etc… D. Providing Debt Relief 1. Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) – Govt. refinanced bank mortgages to a lower rate – Helped Americans keep their homes out of foreclosure

E. Relief Programs 1. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) – Employed 3 million young men ages in the forestry service – Lived in camps and earned $30 a mo. 2. Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) – Gave $ to State govts to fund relief projects – Headed up by Harry Hopkins 3. Civil Works Administration (CWA) – Employed 4 million people in public works project – Built airports, schools, roads, playgrounds, parks and sports fields

Review and Summarize Your Learning Step 1: After class, review your notes and create questions or headings on left hand side of your paper. Step 2: Complete the summary section of your Norco Notes. Make sure you answer the essential questions and include the highlighted vocabulary.

Essential Questions for Lecture #5 1.) How did FDR respond to the attacks on his New Deal programs? 2.) What gains did the labor movement achieve during the Great Depression?

Lecture 5: The Second New Deal A.Challenges to FDR and the New Deal 1. American Liberty League – Criticized New Deal/FDR for deficit spending in order to create programs – Concerned about the increased role and size of the federal govt. 2. Huey Long – Popular Governor from Louisiana who believed FDR did not go far enough – Promoted “Share our Wealth” plan (take from the rich and give to the poor) 3. Father Coughlin – Catholic priest and radio show personality – Supported heavy taxes on the rich 4. Dr. Francis Townsend – Promoted a plan to provide federal pensions for citizens over 60 years old – Believed it would increase spending and promote job creation

B. The 2 nd New Deal 1. Works Progress Administration (WPA) – Spent $11 Billion on 8.5 million workers – Built roads, highways, bridges and airports – Provided work for artist, writers, and stage actors 2. Supreme Court – Targeted and struck down the AAA and the NIRA – FDR retaliated against the Supreme Court through his court packing plan – Asked older justices to retire, if they refused FDR could appoint an additional justice to the Supreme Ct. 3. Social Security Act – Provided retirement pensions to Americans over the age of 65 – Provided payments to the unemployed and disabled

C. Rise of Labor 1. National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) – Supreme Ct. took away labor protections in the NIRA – Congress gave workers the legal right to organize unions – Unhappy workers could take their complaints against their employer to arbitration – Labor unions merged together to form the Congress of Industrial Organization (CIO) – CIO launch major strikes in the automobile and steel industry

Review and Summarize Your Learning Step 1: After class, review your notes and create questions or headings on left hand side of your paper. Step 2: Complete the summary section of your Norco Notes. Make sure you answer the essential questions and include the highlighted vocabulary.

Essential Question for Lecture #6 1.) Describe the legacy of the New Deal.

Lecture 6: New Deal Coalition A.Roosevelt’s 2 nd Term 1. Election of 1936 – Republicans nominated Alfred Landon – FDR was re-elected with 60% of the popular vote 2. Roosevelt Recession – Economy seemed on the verge of recovery and slumped again in 1937 (the Roosevelt Recession) – Cabinet promoted a solution based on the ideas of economist John Maynard Keynes During an economic recession the govt. should spend more in order to jumpstart the economy – FDR/Congress approved spending $3.75 billion for the PWA, WPA, and other programs

1936 Presidential Election

B.Last Reforms 1. National Housing Act – Govt. spent $500 million to create low-income housing 2. Farm Security Act – Gave loans to tenant farmers to purchase farms 3. Fair Labor Standards Act – Provided protections to workers, abolished child labor, established a 40 hour work week C. Legacy of the New Deal 1. Role of the Government – Govt. became permanently responsible for providing a safety net for struggling Americans – Increased the size of the government (bureaucracy)

Review and Summarize Your Learning Step 1: After class, review your notes and create questions or headings on left hand side of your paper. Step 2: Complete the summary section of your Norco Notes. Make sure you answer the essential questions and include the highlighted vocabulary.