The Brain Mr. Roorda

Hindbrain Highway the lower part of the brainstem, comprising the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata.

The Hindbrain/Brainstem State Troopers Monitor the rules of the road Medulla “State Troopers” – attaches to spinal cord – Largely unconscious function control (blood circulation, breathing, muscle maintenance, regulation of reflexes like sneezing/coughing.

Hindbrain Highway The Pons – “the bridge” fibers that connect brainstem with cerebellum to pass info. – Movement, breathing, sleep, and arousal. – Passing by Cerebellum city. Cerebellum – highly folded “little brain” responsible for coordinating fine muscle movements and balance.

The Midbrain – integrates sensory processes, contains dopamine releasing neurons Reticular Rest Stop Reticular formation – group of fibers that carry stimulation related to sleep and arousal through the brain stem.

The Forebrain – largest most complex part Welcome Cerebral City… Composed of the thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, and cerebrum. Cerebrum – center for complex thought Cerebral cortex – wrinkly surface of cerebrum, outer layer of the brain.

The Thalamus: Sensory Relay Thalamus Compass All sensory information, except smell, must pass through to get to the cerebral cortex.

The Limbic System Welcome to Limbic Lane Hypothalamus- Regulates Biological Needs Hippocampus- Memory Amygdala- Fear, Anger, EMOTION Olfactory bulb- Smell

The Hypothalamus: Biological Needs Your “To Do” List Kidney bean sized area under the thalamus. Controls autonomic nervous system. Link between brain and endocrine system(Pituitary Gland) The Four F’s Control of sexual motivation, hunger, thirst, temp. regulation.

Meet the Hippo on the block.. Hippocampus – Mainly responsible for memory. Without it… you wouldn’t live in the present.

Meet Miss Amy. G.D Amygdala- Responsible for emotion. Mainly fear, anger and aggression. Amy is a shut-in. She is very fearful of what will happen outside.

Checkout the Old Smelly Factory Olfactory Bulb- Neural structure mainly involved in with the sense of smell. Think of an old smelly factory on Limbic Lane

The Cerebrum – Complex Thought Responsible for sensing, thinking, learning, emotion, consciousness, and voluntary movement. Cerebral Hemispheres – Left/Right halves of the brain. Split the neighborhood into two cul-de-sacs – Lateralization – one area excels w/ particular task – Corpus Callosum – structure that connects the 2 cerebral hemispheres. – Divided into 4 lobes

The Four Lobes Occipital Lobe: back of head, primary visual cortex. Boys in blue neighborhood watch Parietal Lobe: front of occipital, primary somatosensory cortex (touch) Push Over. Passive. Temporal Lobe: below parietal, primary auditory cortex Good listeners. Therapists always there for you. Frontal Lobe: Primary motor cortex, largest lobe, controls muscle movement. Soccer moms.

Plasticity of the Brain 1.Aspects of experience can shape features of the brain. 2.Brain damage can lead to natural reorganization. 3.Neurogenesis- adult brains can generate new neurons.

The Unixed Brain - nUhUY The Unixed Brain - nUhUY Bending the Mind – mBI mBI