Ribosome Organelle that puts amino acids together to make a protein

Organelle Functional units found in cells that perform different functions

Cytoplasm Fluid that fills the cell and gives it its shape

Mitochondria Organelle that performs cellular respiration to create ATP (energy) for the cell

Chloroplast Organelle that performs photosynthesis to create glucose (food) for the cell

Photosynthesis Process that uses the sun’s energy, carbon dioxide, and water to create glucose. Waste product is oxygen.

Prokaryote Single celled organism that lacks a nucleus and any membrane bound organelles.

Eukaryote Organism consisting of a cell or many cells with a nucleus and membrane bound organelles.

Nucleus Organelle that stores the genetic material (DNA – Directions or Blueprints for building life) The Brain of the cell.

Endoplasmic Reticulum Organelle that transports cell materials such as mRNA

Vesicle Membrane bound sac that can transport waste, proteins, or molecules safely through the cell

mRNA (messenger RNA) A molecule that can carry DNA’s message out of the nucleus to a ribosome Ribo Nucleic Acid (RNA)

Fermentation Process used to create energy anaerobically (with no oxygen)

Amino Acid Building Block or subunit of a protein We get these from our diet of eating protein and meat.

Enzyme Protein that can speed up chemical reactions by binding to a receptor (Biological catalyst)

Cellular Respiration Process that uses enzymes to break down glucose in the presence of oxygen releasing the energy stored in those bonds

Golgi Body Organelle that adds molecules to the surface of a protein directing it where it needs to end up in the cell or body

Cell Membrane Organelle that regulates diffusion and active transport

Plant Cell Cell containing membrane bound organelles and the ability to perform photosynthesis and respiration. Also contain a cell wall

Animal Cell Cell containing membrane bound organelles, but lacking chloroplasts and a cell wall

Bacterial Cell Cell containing no nucleus and no membrane bound organelles With no nucleus, This cell is a: Prokaryote! A Eukaryote has a Nucleus.

Diffusion Process by which molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration (no energy)

Active Transport Process by which energy is added to force molecules to move against their concentration gradient.

Mitosis Process by which chromosomes separate to form two identical nuclei

Prophase Phase of nucleus division in which the chromatin condenses into chromosomes

Metaphase Phase of nucleus division in which the chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell

Anaphase Phase of nucleus division in which the chromatids separate at the centromere and move to opposite poles of the cell

Telophase Phase of nucleus division in which the chromatids reach the opposite ends of the cell and a new nuclear envelop reforms

Cell Replication Cycle