Database Processing Chapter 5

5-2 "No, Drew, You Don’t Know Anything About Creating Queries.” Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Operational database has data needed to determine which parts to consider for 3D printing. Dependent on Lucas (IT dept) to produce reports –Wait a long time –Probably not get what they want. Relying on their own skills will give them much more freedom and better results. Will use Access

5-3 Study Questions Q1: What is the purpose of a database? Q2: What is a database? Q3: What is a database management system (DBMS)? Q4: How do database applications make databases more useful? Q5: What is a NoSQL DBMS? Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

5-4 Q1: What Is the Purpose of a Database? Organize and keep track of things Keep track of multiple themes General rule:  Single theme - store in a spreadsheet  Multiple themes - use a database Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

5-5 A List of Student Grades Presented in a Spreadsheet – Single Theme Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

5-6 Student Data Shown in a Form, from a Database Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

5-7 Q2: What Is a Database? Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

5-8 Hierarchy of Data Elements Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

5-9 Components of a Database Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

5-10 Example of Relationships Among Rows Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

5-11 Sample Metadata (in Access)

5-12 Q3: What Is a Database Management System (DBMS)? Program used to create, process, and administer a database Licensed from vendors such as IBM, Microsoft, Oracle, and others DB2 from IBM, Access and SQL Server from Microsoft, Oracle Database from Oracle Corporation MySQL - open source, license-free for most applications Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

5-13 Processing the Database Four DBMS operations 1.Read 2.Insert 3.Modify 4.Delete data Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

5-14 Creating the Database and Its Structure: Adding a New Column to a Table Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

5-15 Processing the Database Structured Query Language - SQL (see-quell) –International standard –Used by most popular DBMS INSERT INTO Student ([Student Number], [Student Name], HW1, HW2, MidTerm) VALUES (1000, ‘Franklin, Benjamin’, 90, 95, 100); Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

5-16 Administering the Database Used to set up a security system involving user accounts, passwords, permissions, and limits for processing. Permissions can be limited in very specific ways. Backing up database data, adding structures to improve performance of database applications, removing unwanted data. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

5-17 Summary of Database Administration Tasks Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

5-18 Summary of Database Administration Tasks (cont'd) Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

5-19 Experiencing MIS InClass Exercise 5: How Much Is a Database Worth? Data has resale value. Data on everything customers do. Use to target customer for offerings they care about, avoid those they don’t. Costly and difficult to replace data collected over many years. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

5-20 Q4: How Do Database Applications Make Databases More Useful? Database application Collection of forms, reports, queries and application programs serves as intermediary between users and database data. Application programs Provide security, maintain data consistency, and handle special cases. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

5-21 Specific Purposes of Four Elements of a Database Application Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

5-22 Traditional Forms, Queries, Reports, and Applications Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

5-23 Example of a Student Report Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

5-24 Sample Query Form Used to Enter Phrase for Search and Query Result Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

5-25 Browser Forms, Reports, Queries, and Applications Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

5-26 Office 365 User Account Form Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

5-27 Browser Report for SharePoint Site Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

5-28 Graphical Queries Simplify the Ordering Process Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Process A reads customer record from file containing customer’s account balance. 1 2.Process B reads same record from same file now has its own copy. 2 3.Process A updates account balance in its copy of customer record and writes record to file. 3 4.Process B has original stale value for account balance. Updates customer’s phone number and writes customer record to file. 4 5.Process B writes stale account balance value to file, causing changes made by Process A to be lost. 5 Multi-User Processing Problem Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

5-30 Q5: What Is a NoSQL DBMS? NOSQL DBMS (NotRelational DBMS –Supports very high transaction rates –Relatively simple data structures –Replicated on many servers in the cloud Examples –Dynamo (Amazon) –Bigtable (Google) –Cassandra (Facebook) Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

5-31 NoSQL’s Impact on the DBMS Product Market Database software market experienced viable new entrants. More reliance on open source community. Will DBMS vendors lose some of their market to NOSQL products and vendors? Will they become less of a seller of services supporting open source software? Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

5-32 Will NoSQL Replace Relational DBMS Products? Conversion very expensive and disruptive. Very technical, limited to those with a deep background in computer science. Requires years of training to use. Organization may choose NoSQL products for specialized applications. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

5-33 Ethics Guide: Querying Inequality? MaryAnn has a data mart Business professional who majored in HR, now "expert" in SQL Uses SQL to do her job faster and better Social responsibility vs personal responsibility? What are you personal, professional, and social responsibilities? Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

5-34 Ethics Guide: Querying Inequality? (cont’d) You can query databases to learn all sorts of patterns and trends. Be sure you want the answers before you start to query. How strongly do you feel about social and personal responsibility, considering your needs and those of your family into the decision. How important is social responsibility posture of an employer to you? Is that something that you want to add to your criteria for finding a job? Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

5-35 Guide: No, Thanks, I’ll Use a Spreadsheet Story of the failed database project –Database works but doesn’t meet the requirements of this salesperson. Cause of database failures usually either incompetent database developers or underfunding. Causes of systems development failure--poor communication between users and systems developers, lack of clear requirements, and inability to manage requirements. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

5-36 Guide: No, Thanks, I’ll Use a Spreadsheet (cont'd) Databases take time to build. Complicated to operate. Need IS people to create and keep them running. Salesman doesn’t want to share data. Spreadsheets sometimes better option, especially if data needs are simple. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

5-37 Active Review Q1: What is the purpose of a database? Q2: What is a database? Q3: What is a database management system (DBMS)? Q4: How do database applications make databases more useful? Q5: What is a NoSQL DBMS? Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

5-38 Case Study 5: Fail Away with Dynamo, Bigtable, and Cassandra Current relational DBMS products not designed for large, multi-server systems NoSQL databases – Dynamo (elastic), Bigtable (elastic), Cassandra (used by Facebook, Twitter, Digg, Reddit) Amazon: Dynamo Google: Bigtable processes petabytes of data on hundreds of thousands of servers Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

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