00 Heat pumps by Kenneth Hoffmann

Why NH 3 Heat pump? NH 3 Heat Pump sizes Case stories CO 2 Heat Pump NH 3 Heat Pump applications NH 3 Heat Pump sizes Case stories CO 2 Heat Pump NH 3 Heat Pump applications

???? 1987 – Montreal Protocol – CFC Phase-out 2000 – Ban on use of CFCs 2006 – Introduction of F-Gas Regulations for HFCs 2008 – Minimum engineering qualification in place 2009 – Restrictions on sale 2011 – EU review of F- Gas 1970s/80s– Aware of ozone depletion F-Gas legislations 2001 – Ban on new HCFC installations and start of production restrictions 2008 – 16% cut in production 2010 – Ban on use of virgin HCFCs 2015 – Ban on use of HCFCs 2007 – Leak testing and record keeping mandatory F-gas legislation has had no affect on refrigerant usage! What is next? Ban on refrigerants? Increased taxation? Refrigerant prices could increase from £5 to £120 per kg

The future for heat pumps Heat pumps sales have double year by year Green Technology: Electricity + Solar heating Systems based on HFC is not sustainable Natural refrigerants like CO 2 and ammonia has GWP = 0

HFC Future “You could undo the work on CO 2 if you don’t do something about HFCs,” said Mack McFarland, a co-author of the paper and chief atmospheric scientist of Dupont, a leading HFC manufacturer. "I wouldn't call it an emergency but an opportunity."

HFC Future “If we don’t take out HFCs, we could win the CO 2 battle, and still lose the climate war,” said Durwood Zaelke, president of the Institute for Governance & Sustainable Development (US).

NH 3 Heat pumps for all applications Leisure centres, Hospitals, Icerinks (Combined Heating and cooling) Food Processing (Cooking and chilling) District Heating (District cooling)

Why NH 3 Heat pump? Total cost Case stories CO 2 Heat Pump NH 3 Heat Pump applications Why NH 3 Heat pump? Total cost Case stories CO 2 Heat Pump

High efficient ammonia heat pump High temperature NH 3 Heatpump for District heating and Processing industry

A = sub-cooling AB B = condensing C + C = de-superheating D D = oil cooling E = more sub-cooling E

Ammonia Temperature and Pressure Ammonia Liquid: -33.6C = 1.0 bar Ammonia Liquid: 0.0C = 4.3 bar Ammonia Liquid: 32.0C = 12.4 bar Ammonia Liquid: 50.0C = 20.3 bar Ammonia Liquid: 80.0C = 41.4 bar Ammonia Liquid: 95.0C = 56.6 bar

Latest Compressor technology Recent Compressor development offers high pressure compressors with balanced radial and axial forces suitable for condensing ammonia at 95 o C

NH 3 Heat pumps – the environmental sound solution Known Technology Competitively priced Enviromental friendly Zero GWP (R134a = 1300) Future proof refrigerant

Part Load Efficiency

High Efficient 1-stage systems 1-Stage System Duty 0,2 - 5,0 MW. Heating: + 40°C - 65°C Chilling : + 12/6 o C High performance Capacity regulation down to 10% of design duty Good part load efficiency Low maintenance cost COP: > 65°C

High Efficient 2-stage systems 2-Stage System Duty 0,5 - 5,0 MW. Heating: + 70°C - 95°C Chilling : + 12/6 o C High performance Good part load efficiency Low maintenance cost Capacity regulation down to 10% of design duty COP: > 90°C

Why NH 3 Heat pump? Case stories CO 2 Heat Pump NH 3 Heat Pump applications Why NH 3 Heat pump? Case stories CO 2 Heat Pump Total cost NH 3 Heat Pump applications

The Ideal Heat pump installation Heating water off 75C Heating water on 55C Hot water off 55C Hot water on 15C Ammonia on 115C Ammonia off 25C Ammonia off 3C Ammonia on 3C Chilled water on 12C Chilled water off 6C (Process chilling Fx. Datacentre) 1000 kW Heat pump 3 o C to 75 o C Power consumption: 285 kW COP: 7.2Total Combined COP: kW Chilling at 3 o C: COP: kW Sub cooling 75 to 25 o C: COP: kW heating at 75 o C:

Energy Efficiency Ground source heat pump water 6/12C Hot waterGasCommercial HFC Heat pump Ammonia Heat pump 35 o C0.85 – o C0.85 – o C0.85 – o C0.85 –

Energy cost for 1,000 kW Heating Ground source heat pump water 6/12C Hot waterGasCommercial HFC Heat pump Ammonia Heat pump 35 o C£156K£107K£62K 50 o C£156K£160K£83K 75 o C£156K£114K 90 o C£156K£129K *Based on 2.5p/kWh gas and 8 p/kWh electricity

Yearly Carbon footprint for 1,000 kW Heating Ground source heat pump water 6/12C Hot waterGasCommercial HFC Heat pump Ammonia Heat pump 35 o C0.90MT0.72MT0.42MT 50 o C0.90MT1.10MT0.56MT 75 o C0.90MT0.77MT 90 o C0.90MT0.87MT *Based on 180 kg/kWh gas and 540kg/kWh electricity

Maintenance Balanced Single Rotor screw: 35 – 80,000 hours overhaul Reciprocating compressor: 2 - 4,000 hours overhaul Yearly maintenance less than half of any alternative.

Cost of ownership Capital cost: £300,000 per MW heating Yearly running cost (5,000 hours): Energy Cost £83,000 All inclusive Maintenance£5,000 Total Yearly running cost: £88,000 per 5,000 MWh

Cost Savings Cost savings per year: £68,000 If chilling is useful, additional: £60,000 Total £128,000 PAYBACK 2 – 3 Years

Example: Selling excessive heat from process cooling system Market value of heat: £250,000 Total running cost: -£88,000 Value of free chilling: £60,000 Total £222,000 PAYBACK 1 – 2 Years

Why NH 3 Heat pump? Case stories CO 2 Heat Pump NH 3 Heat Pump applications Why NH 3 Heat pump? Case stories CO 2 Heat Pump NH 3 Heat Pump applications Total cost

Why NH 3 Heat pump? Case stories CO 2 Heat Pump NH 3 Heat Pump applications Why NH 3 Heat pump? CO 2 Heat Pump NH 3 Heat Pump applications Total cost

15 MW Plant in Norway CoP> 3.0 –Heating + 90°C –Cooling +8/4°C –5MW Packs –Turndown to 10% –Future Proof –High Efficiency –Low Capital Cost –Low maintenance cost

De-humidification / Re-heating CoP> 4.5 –Renewable Heat Incentives –Heating + 65°C –Combined cooling / Heating –Turndown to 10% –60% Cost of gas heating –1000 kW heating duty –770 kW Chilling duty –Combined COP (Cooling + Heating) of 7.2

Why NH 3 Heat pump? Case stories CO 2 Heat Pump NH 3 Heat Pump applications Why NH 3 Heat pump? Case stories NH 3 Heat Pump applications Total cost

Heat Pump Advantages of CO 2 A natural solution Combined COP °C water temperature heating and cooling Free heating Add to existing system

Heat Pump

Thank you The future is bright (But are you ready)?