First Presidents Graphic Organizer

George Washington - Virginia Years in office – elected in 1788 and 1792 ( 1789 – 1797 ) - precedent Washington brought dignity to the office of the President Article II – Section 2 – Powers of the President – setting up the Executive Department Cabinet

Inauguration – New York City April 30, 1789

First Lady and Vice - President

Cabinet – Thomas Jefferson Virginia Secretary of State

Cabinet – Henry Knox Massachusetts Secretary of War

Cabinet – Alexander Hamilton New York Secretary of the Treasury

Cabinet – Edmund Randolph Virginia Attorney General

Cabinet – Samuel Osgood Postmaster General

Supreme Court – 1789 – Judiciary Act Set up the Supreme Court 1 Chief Justice and 5 Associate Justices John Jay – first Chief Justice Set up a system of district and circuit courts

Things that happened inside the country Domestic Affairs Things that happened inside the country

Alexander Hamilton’s Financial Plan Two Step Plan for paying off the National Debt Buy up old government bonds and issue new ones National government pay off state debts

Alexander Hamilton’s Financial Plan James Madison opposed the plan because speculators had bought up old bonds but Congress supported Hamilton

Compromise of 1790 Pay off state debts Build the new capital city in the South

Ways the government raised money 1789 tariff on imported goods 1791 excise tax on whiskey

1791 – Bank of the United States Deposit taxes Pay government bills Issue paper money

1794 – Whiskey Rebellion Western Pennsylvania farmers rebelled when tax collectors tried to collect excise tax on whiskey. Tax collectors tarred and feathered

1794 – Whiskey Rebellion Washington called out 15,000 troops to put the rebellion down Tested the will of the new government Washington showed that the new government would be firm in time of crisis

Indian Policy Movement into the Northwest Territory caused problems with Native Americans

1791 – General Arthur St. Clair defeated by Little Turtle ( Miami)

1794 – Battle of Fallen Timbers General Anthony Wayne defeated Blue Jacket ( Shawnee )

Treaty of Greenville - 1795 Indians give up 25,000 square miles and were paid $20,000

Foreign Affairs

French Revolution – July 14, 1789 “Reign of Terror” – King Louis XVI and family executed Hamilton favored England Jefferson favored France 1792 – 1815 – war in Europe – England, Austria, Prussia, the Netherlands and Spain vs. France

Neutrality Proclamation - 1793 United States would not support either side in the war in Europe

Jay’s Treaty – 1794 – negotiated with England British give up forts in the Ohio Valley US pay debt owed British merchants British pay debts for captured American ships

Pinckney’s Treaty - 1795 Charles Pinckney – American ambassador to Spain American right to navigate on the Mississippi River Right of Deposit in New Orleans – Americans can move and store goods without paying tariffs

1796 – Washington’s Farewell Address “Steer clear of permanent alliances” Quote about Washington – “First in war, first in peace and first in the hearts of his countrymen”

First Political Parties Federalists Alexander Hamilton Wealthy and well educated Strong Central government Democratic Republicans Thomas Jefferson Common people Strong State government

First Political Parties Federalists Emphasis on manufacturing, shipping and trade Loose Interpretation Pro – British ( England ) Democratic Republicans Emphasis on agriculture “farmers” Strict Interpretation Pro - France

First Political Parties Federalists Favored protective tariff favored Democratic Republicans Opposed protective tariff opposed

Political Parties Washington warned about political parties in his Farewell Address “If I could not go to heaven but with a party, I would not go at all” - Jefferson

Newspapers Federalist John Fenno Gazette of the United States

Newspapers Democratic Republican Philip Freneau National Gazette

John Adams - Massachusetts Elected in 1796 ( 1797 – 1801) Federalist

Abigail Adams and Thomas Jefferson – Democratic Republican

Domestic Affairs Election of 1796 – John Adams 71 and Thomas Jefferson 68 – President and Vice – President of different Political Parties “Midnight judges” – Adams filled many lifetime judgeships with Federalists

Supreme Court – John Marshall Chief Justice – 1801 – 1835 Established the prestige of the Judicial Branch and strengthened the Federal Government

Foreign Affairs XYZ Affair – 1797 – France angered by Jay’s Treaty and began capturing American ships ( 300 )

XYZ Affair - 1797 1797 – three new American Ambassadors sent to France French Foreign Minister Talleyrand wanted a bribe and a loan

XYZ Affair - 1797 “Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute” Congress ordered the expansion of the army

XYZ Affair - 1797 1798 –created the Department of the Navy – Benjamin Stoddard – Secretary 12 frigates built - “USS Constitution” Fought undeclared naval war with France

Split in the Federalist Party Federalists – John Adams Delayed building up the army

Split in the Federalist Party Sent new Ambassadors to France They negotiated the Convention of 1800 with Napoleon France agreed to stop seizing American ships

Split in the Federalist Party Alexander Hamilton – High Federalists United States would benefit from a war with France Hurt Jefferson’s Democratic Republicans

Domestic Affairs – 1798 – Alien and Sedition Acts Alien Act Expel any alien thought to be dangerous 14 year residency before becoming a citizen Sedition Act Citizens could be fined or jailed for criticizing public officials

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions – 1798 & 1799 Each state has the right to decide if a law is unconstitutional nullify

Election of 1800 _ “Revolution of 1800”

Election of 1800 – “Revolution of 1800”

Election of 1800 Jefferson and Burr tied and it took 35 votes in the House of Representatives to settle the election 1804 – 12th Amendment – electors vote separately for President and Vice-President

1804 – Aaron Burr kills Alexander Hamilton in a duel

July 4, 1826 – John Adams and Thomas Jefferson both died – 50th Anniversary of the Declaration of Independence