Monitoring & Reporting Land Governance in Ukraine Washington, DC - 14 March, 2016 Land.kse.org.ua Denys Nizalov, University of Kent/ KEI at KSE Rostyslav Shmanenko, State Service of Ukraine for Geodesy, Cartography and Cadastre Land and Poverty Conference

Monitoring of Land Governance is broader Countries started: Croatia (2015) Georgia (2014) India (2014) Moldova 2015 Peru (2015) Philippines (2015) Rwanda (2014) Ukraine (2015) Vietnam (2015) Goals: Support evidence based policy making Keep track of progress with reforms Improve transparency and accountability of decision-making at local and national level Improve business climate; investment attractiveness Stimulate effective use of land resources and economic development 2

Land Reform in Ukraine : 2015 Legal DraftingTransparency Open public access to cadastral records Open access to Land Cadaster to notaries Pilot implementation of Land Governance Monitoring Deregulation Simplified land registration procedure E-service: extract from the Land Cadastre; request valuation of land parcel All services are provided via Service Offices 3

Monitoring of Land Governance is: A system for collecting, processing and publishing data on the state of land governance at regionally disaggregated level.  6 functional areas of land governance + Land Reform in Ukraine  140 indicators  Based on administrative data  Compliant with FAO VGGT  Effective institutional arrangement  Pilot Implementation – April-December

Key LG Monitoring Indicators  Land Reform monitoring (country specific)  Coverage: The share of communal, private, and state land registered and mapped (all land use types)  The number and prices of registered transactions of different types (sales, mortgages, rental, etc.)  Receipts of land and real estate tax revenue  Cases of expropriation and privatization  The number of land-related conflicts  Equity: Share of land and real estate registered and mapped in women’s, men’s name and in joint ownership  Base Characteristics (total area, population, etc.) 5

Main advantages of administrative data:  Low cost of data collection – Information is collected and stored as a part of regular operations;  Promptness – administrative data requires minimum processing, allows construction and publication of monitoring indicators on a regular base with very short delay after the reporting period;  Regular update of information – the data source entities are keeping their data sets up to date, updates are possible to automate;  Accuracy of information – the data source entities are in charge for having their records accurate and they employ different quality control and back up practices; they are interested to address any known gaps in data. 6

Ukraine: unique features of implementation arrangement  Institutional Arrangements: Methodology & implementation: “Capacity Development for Evidence-Based Land & Agricultural Policy Making in Ukraine” Project, KEI at KSE Project Steering Committee ( 6 government authorities; MPs; private sector; international organizations) – coordinate efforts and policy dialogue Monitoring Working Group – data supply, interpret results (expected) State GeoCadastre – support for hosting and functioning of automated system  Link to broader reform strategy 7

Sources of Administrative Data StateGeoCadastre (SE Center for State Land Cadastre) Ministry of Justice (State Registry of Rights) State Statistics State Fiscal Service State Court Administration State Water Agency Automated Monitoring System 8

Map: share of private land registered 70.6% of private land is registered in the Cadaster Completeness of State Land Cadaster Example: Monitoring Results Data: GeoCadastre 9

Agricultural Land Rented Out As of mln. rental agreements signed with private owners of agricultural land. Total area – 16.6 mln ha (43% of all private land). 56,053 rental agreements for state owned agricultural land During , rental rights were registered for 832,551 land plots with total area of 3.5 mln ha (about 16% of land under rental agreements) Example: Monitoring Results Data: StateGeoCadastre, Ministry of Justice 10

Land Governance Index: Ranking of Rayons (Districts) 1. Share of land registered in the Land Cadaster (private and state separately); 2. Transactions per 1,000 landowners (separately rental and other: sales, gifts, exchange, inheritance); 3. Land tax per 1 ha of private land; 4. Share of eligible individuals who used their rights for privatization of land; 5. Number of land related court cases per 1,000 landowners (separately for administrative and civil) Map: Index of Land Governance (1 is the top rank) Information on temporary occupied territory of AR Crimea and the conflict zone of Luhansk and Donetsk regions is not available 11

Accomplishments and next steps Results so far:  Institutional arrangement is made  Collaboration among the stakeholders is established and tested  Pilot implementation is complete  Base-line data is collected and published on the Project web site (land.kse.org.ua) Next steps:  Sustain the Monitoring system  Normative base and methodology  Reporting software  Hosting institution (GeoCadaster)  Develop capacity to use evidence for reform design & keeping track  Analytical papers & public debate  Data on monitoring web-site  Help address broader policy constraints & document impact of doing so  State land as one example 12

Implementation Challenges Reporting and service areas are not consistent across the government authorities and does not coincide with the administrative structure of Ukraine 2. Error correction procedures are not well developed 3. Incomplete information (e.g. gender) 4. Data exchange procedures across the government authorities need to be improved

Conclusions: Land Governance Monitoring in Ukraine 1 Highlights heterogeneity of land resources and state land governance within the country – land policies and land reform need to accommodate these differences 2 Provides for accountability of local and central government authorities involved with land 3 Improves investment attractiveness of agriculture and rural areas by better transparency of land governance 4 Provides input to international rankings of Ukraine 5 Monitoring provides evidence regarding the actual state of land governance in Ukraine at national and local levels. It helps to prevent political speculation regarding land 14