Continuous Particulate Matter (PM 2.5 ) Monitoring Tom Dann Luc White, Alain Biron Luc White, Alain Biron Environment Canada, Ottawa Tom Dann Luc White, Alain Biron Luc White, Alain Biron Environment Canada, Ottawa Environment EnvironnementCanada NESCAUM Monitoring and Assessment Committee Meeting Newport, RI May 16/17, 2006.

NAPS  National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) Network   the NAPS program is a cooperative federal-provincial-territorial network of over 800 ambient air quality monitoring instruments across Canada  

Canada-wide Standard (CWS) for PM 2.5  a CWS of 30 µg/m³, 24-hour averaging time by year Achievement to be based on the 98 th percentile ambient measurement annually, averaged over 3 consecutive years.  daily sampling required   no annual standard  no prescribed measurement method  no prescribed temp. & pressure for concentration units   reference to a Monitoring Protocol document

Existing PM 2.5 Monitoring Sites in Canada (2004) reporting to NAPS

98 th Percentile PM 2.5 Concentrations (µg/m³) (U.S. FRM and Canada Adjusted TEOM or Dichot.)

Seasonal Variations in Ammonium Nitrate at Canadian Sites ( )

Linear regression results for 24h PM 2.5 data – R&P Dichotomous Sampler vs. R&P Partisol (Ottawa) Cold Season Bias 1:1 Line

Linear regression results for 24h data – TEOM- SES Ottawa ( ) Cold Season Bias 1:1 Line

Linear regression results for 24h data for TEOM-SES and TEOM40 - Ottawa (Winters ) Cold Season Bias 1:1 Line

Met-One BAM low-level C 14 radiation source low-level C 14 radiation source uses beta-ray attenuation and a filter tape system uses beta-ray attenuation and a filter tape system inlet is heated but filter is at ambient (station) temperature inlet is heated but filter is at ambient (station) temperature humidity problems in early units caused higher readings in the summer humidity problems in early units caused higher readings in the summer ‘smart heater’ is turned on by a relative humidity sensor ‘smart heater’ is turned on by a relative humidity sensor hourly average output hourly average output

Linear regression results for 24h data BAM-SH Ottawa (Warm Seasons )

Linear regression results for 24h data BAM-SH with 35% Humidity Setting Ottawa ( )

TEOM-FDMS

Linear regression results for 24h data TEOM-FDMS Ottawa ( )

Warm Season Linear regression results for 24h data: BAM and TEOM-FDMS (Ottawa)

Grimm 180 Multi-channel Aerosol Spectrometer Simultaneous measurement of PM 1.0, PM 2.5 and PM 10

Grimm 180 Results – Ottawa 2005 Grimm = *DICH r 2 = 0.970

Cold season linear regression results for 24h data: Grimm 180 (Ottawa)

Cold Season Linear regression results for 24h data: BAM35, GRIMM and TEOM- FDMS (Ottawa)

Linear regression results for 24h data: GRIMM PM 10 (Ottawa)

Cost Comparisons for Continuous PM 2.5 Instruments:  Met-One BAM 1020$25,000  R&P 1400AB TEOM$26,500  R&P SES Kit$ 4,750  R&P 8500 FDMS Kit$12,700  GRIMM 180 (PM 10, PM 2.5, PM 1.0 ) $31,100

NAPS Working Groups Recommendations and actions:  a reference method and standard operating procedure for PM 2.5 mass is required - all filter-based and continuous mass measurements should be referenced to this  a NAPS Managers committee has developed a draft reference method and draft SOPs for current field instruments  these are being incorporated into CWS probably through the Monitoring Protocol document  data quality objectives still need to be developed to determine acceptable comparability between instruments on a 24-hr basis  an inter-comparison network is in operation (~15 sites) and instrumentation has been deployed

Thanks!

Analytical Descriptions ICP-MS – Agilent 7500c ICP-MS ICP-MS – Agilent 7500c ICP-MS Water extraction – 20 metals - DL 0.02 – 0.2 ng/m³ Acid digested (Near-total) – 20 metals – DL 0.02 – 0.4 ng/m³

Frequency of Detection of Metals Element Frequency of Detection (XRF) Frequency of Detection (ICP-MS) Mean Concentration (ng/m³) Se 28 % 52 % 0.4 Cd 11 % 93 % 0.2 Pb 66 % 100 % 2.6 As 25 % 92 % 0.9 Mn68% 100 % 2.5 Cr 16 % 95 % 2.3

Comparison of Arsenic Concentrations (ng/m³) by Site and Month