Health 2013 Mr. Vecchio

 A disease spread from one living thing to another via the environment  Infection-A condition when pathogens enter, multiply, and spread in the body  Pathogen-Organism that causes disease

 Viruses-genetic material surrounded by a protein  Inactive by themselves  Burst host cell/run course  Bacteria-Single celled microorganisms  Some are essential/many are harmless  Some produce toxins (Treated with Antibiotics)

 Fungi-Plant like organisms  Athletes foot  Protozoan-single celled that are larger/more complex than bacteria  Malaria

 Direct Contact  Touching, kissing, sex, eyes, mouth, nose,  Indirect Contact  Contaminated objects (table, door handle)  Vector-organism that transmits to humans/other animals ▪ Water/Food  Airborne  TB, flu, chicken pox

 Disease not transmitted by a person, vector, or environment  CVD  Hypertension  Atherosclerosis  Angina  Arrhythmia  Congestive Heart Failure  Stroke

 Tumor- mass of tissue that has no body function  Benign vs. Malignant  Remission- symptoms respond to treatment  Types of Cancer pg

 Infectious diseases spread through sexual contact  Epidemic- occurrence of disease where many people in the same place/time affected.  1 in 4 in U.S. have STD  ABSTINENCE

 Rampant for several reasons:  Some have NO symptoms  Birth control  stop using condoms  Developed strains that resist antibiotics  Embarrassed to seek treatment

 Sexually active with more than one partner  Unprotected sex  High Risk partners  Alcohol/Drugs (25%)

 Genital Warts  65 different strains  Warts start localized and spread  Symptoms:  Warts

 1/10 adolescent girls (46% of total infections)  Caused by bacteria (treated and cured)  “Silent Disease”  Symptoms:  Men- frequent urination, swollen scrotum, discharge  Women- Discharge, abdominal pain, unusual bleeding

 Bacterial STD affects mucous membranes  Most common yrs old  Symptoms:  Men- Yellow discharge, fever, swelling testicles  Woman- 80% no symptoms….burning/pain in urination, abnormal bleeding

 Type 1- causes cold sores/Type 2- genital sores  20% of adolescent population affected  Virus (HSV)  Symptoms:  Fever, muscle ache, fatigue, pain in abdomen

 Antibiotics for most bacteria caused STD’s  Info is private/confidential  Social obligation to others

 AIDS vs. HIV  5 th leading cause of death for year olds  40 million with HIV  Pandemic- global outbreak as of 2002

 Enters blood and invades T-cells  Virus attaches to a healthy cell surface  enters nucleus  Virus makes a copy of genetic material  new virus reassembles at cell surface  New virus breaks away from host cell and spreads  Virus count goes up, T cell count goes down

 Blood, semen, sexual contact, breast milk  Needle sharing  Mother  baby through umbilical cord

 Asymptomatic- 6 months-10 years of no symptoms  Symptomatic- weight loss, swollen glands, loss of memory

 ELISA- tests for presence of antibodies in blood  False negative results  False positive results  Western Blot Test  Done as a last resort (100% accurate)  Tests proteins from largest to smallest