1 Psychology 320: Psychology of Gender and Sex Differences Lecture 60.

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Presentation transcript:

1 Psychology 320: Psychology of Gender and Sex Differences Lecture 60

2 Reminder: CSL Submissions Last date for submission of AL journal entries: Students at Beauty Night, HIM, LEAF, QMUNITY: March 29. Students at YWCA: April 19. End of placement paper due date: Students at Beauty Night, HIM, LEAF, QMUNITY: April 5. Students at YWCA: April 25.

3 Announcement Course evaluations will be available online until April 9 th. If you have not received an regarding evaluations, visit: Your feedback is extremely valuable—both to the Psychology Department and to me. I modify courses on the basis of student feedback. Please complete your evaluation for this course. Your evaluation will be anonymous and secure. 3

4 Mental Health 1. Are there sex differences in personality disorders? 2. Are there sex differences in suicide?

5 By the end of today’s class, you should be able to: 1. review the diagnostic criteria for personality disorders listed in the DSM-IV-TR. 2. discuss sex differences in rates of personality disorders. 3. identify gender biases in the diagnostic criteria for personality disorders.

6 4. discuss sex differences in rates of suicide. 5. identify factors associated with suicide among males and females.

7 Are there sex differences in personality disorders? According DSM-IV-TR criteria, a PD is:  “A … pattern of inner experience and behaviour that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture.”

8  The pattern is inflexible and pervasive across a broad range of personal and social situations.  The pattern manifests in at least 2 of the following areas: cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning, and impulse control.  The pattern is stable and of long duration; its onset can be traced back to adolescence or early adulthood.

9 Sex differences have been documented in the rate of prevalence of most (9/10) personality disorders.

10 Are there sex differences in suicide? Suicide is the second leading cause of death of males and females between the ages of 15 and 24 in Canada, proceeded only by accidents (Statistics Canada, 2005). Suicide is more common among males than females across the life span:

11 Suicide Rate Per 100,000 People Suicide Rate by Sex and Age (Statistics Canada, 2012)

12 Males are more likely than females to use firearms. Females are more likely than males to use poisons. For any given method, suicide attempts are more likely to be fatal among males than females (Canetto & Lester, 1995).

13 Among the factors that are associated with suicide are:  Depression.  Marital status.  Unemployment.  Social status.  Sexual orientation.

14 Sex differences in suicide rates have been observed in other countries:

15 CountryMale:Female Suicide Ratio China0.88 India1.34 Sweden2.18 Japan2.61 Denmark2.73 Germany2.98 Thailand3.16 Canada3.20 Austria3.22 CountryMale:Female Suicide Ratio Italy3.54 United Kingdom3.61 Australia3.80 United States3.93 Luxembourg4.12 Ireland4.58 Chile5.12 Mexico5.23 Belize8.38 Sex Differences in Suicide Across Diverse Countries (World Health Organization, 2010)

16 Mental Health 1. Are there sex differences in personality disorders? 2. Are there sex differences in suicide?