French and Indian War Began in 1754 and lasted till 1763 British and American colonists vs French and Indian allies.

Causes Both sides wanted control over eastern North America Both sides wanted control over eastern North America English colonists settled along the coastline while the French settled further inland along the St. Lawrence River, Great Lakes and Mississippi River. English colonists settled along the coastline while the French settled further inland along the St. Lawrence River, Great Lakes and Mississippi River. Both claimed the upper Ohio River Valley Both claimed the upper Ohio River Valley

Tide of War Turns 1757 William Pitt became Britain’s Prime Minister William Pitt became Britain’s Prime Minister. Persuaded Parliament to raise taxes and borrowed large sums of money to fight the war Persuaded Parliament to raise taxes and borrowed large sums of money to fight the war British were now better-prepared and better-led and began to overwhelm the French. British were now better-prepared and better-led and began to overwhelm the French.

Fall of Quebec British forces began to attack French fortresses; British forces began to attack French fortresses; 1758 Fort Dusquesne in PA 1758 Fort Dusquesne in PA 1759 Fort Niagra in NY 1759 Fort Niagra in NY 1759 City of Quebec 1759 City of Quebec 1760 Montreal 1760 Montreal 1761 Fort Detroit and other French posts 1761 Fort Detroit and other French posts

Treaty of Paris A treaty between Great Britain, France and Spain in 1763 in Paris, France A treaty between Great Britain, France and Spain in 1763 in Paris, France Ended the French and Indian War and the Seven Years War Ended the French and Indian War and the Seven Years War France handed over present day Canada and all lands east of the Mississippi River France handed over present day Canada and all lands east of the Mississippi River New Orleans had been given to Spain New Orleans had been given to Spain British gave Cuba back to Spain for Florida British gave Cuba back to Spain for Florida

Issues Behind the Revolution Pontiac’s Rebellion. Began in the spring of 1763 and by the end of the year the Indians had destroyed all but 2 British forts west of the Appalachians and some 2,000 colonists had been killed or captured. Pontiac’s Rebellion. Began in the spring of 1763 and by the end of the year the Indians had destroyed all but 2 British forts west of the Appalachians and some 2,000 colonists had been killed or captured. British tried to restore peace by issuing the Proclamation of 1763 which closed the region west of the Appalachian Mts. British tried to restore peace by issuing the Proclamation of 1763 which closed the region west of the Appalachian Mts.

Issues continued Sugar Act of 1764 – cut the duty on foreign molasses in half. Sugar Act of 1764 – cut the duty on foreign molasses in half. Quartering Act (1765) – required colonies provide housing and supplies for British troops. Quartering Act (1765) – required colonies provide housing and supplies for British troops. Stamp Act (1765) – tax on newspapers, pamphlets, legal documents and most other printed materials. Stamp Act (1765) – tax on newspapers, pamphlets, legal documents and most other printed materials.

Stamp Act Congress October 1765 – delegates from nine colonies met in New York, led by James Otis (a lawyer from Mass.) who stated “no taxation without representation”. He said colonists should have the same rights and liberties as the people of Great Britain. October 1765 – delegates from nine colonies met in New York, led by James Otis (a lawyer from Mass.) who stated “no taxation without representation”. He said colonists should have the same rights and liberties as the people of Great Britain.

Sons of Liberty And Daughters of Liberty were groups that enforced the boycotts. And Daughters of Liberty were groups that enforced the boycotts. The Boston Sons of Liberty – most active group. One of it’s founders was Samuel Adams. The Boston Sons of Liberty – most active group. One of it’s founders was Samuel Adams. Used scare tactics to get colonists to conform to their ways. Used scare tactics to get colonists to conform to their ways.

Rising Tensions in the Colonies Declaratory Act – passed the same day the Stamp Act was repealed. Stated that Parliament had the authority to make laws without the colonists input. Declaratory Act – passed the same day the Stamp Act was repealed. Stated that Parliament had the authority to make laws without the colonists input – Townsend Acts – placed duties on certain imported goods including glass and tea – Townsend Acts – placed duties on certain imported goods including glass and tea.

The Boston Massacre British troops were sent to Boston to put down the violent resistance brought on by the Townsend Acts. British troops were sent to Boston to put down the violent resistance brought on by the Townsend Acts. March 5, 1770 – a small crowd threatened the British soldiers; soldiers opened fire on the crowd leaving five colonists dead or dying including an African American named Crispus Attucks. March 5, 1770 – a small crowd threatened the British soldiers; soldiers opened fire on the crowd leaving five colonists dead or dying including an African American named Crispus Attucks. Soon after Parliament cancelled the Townsend Acts Soon after Parliament cancelled the Townsend Acts

Committees of Correspondence Formed in 1772 by Samuel Adams, James Otis and other Bostonians. Formed in 1772 by Samuel Adams, James Otis and other Bostonians. Purpose was to coordinate resistance throughout the colonies. Purpose was to coordinate resistance throughout the colonies. By 1774 all the colonies had such committees. By 1774 all the colonies had such committees.

Boston Tea Party May 1773 Parliament passed the Tea Act. The law gave the British East Indies Company the right to sell its tea in America without paying the normal taxes. The colonists had been smuggling tea due to the duty placed on English tea. This would make East Indies tea less expensive than smuggled tea thereby driving American tea merchants out of business. May 1773 Parliament passed the Tea Act. The law gave the British East Indies Company the right to sell its tea in America without paying the normal taxes. The colonists had been smuggling tea due to the duty placed on English tea. This would make East Indies tea less expensive than smuggled tea thereby driving American tea merchants out of business.

The Intolerable Acts To punish Boston and Massachusetts Parliament passed the Coercive Acts in the spring of 1774 To punish Boston and Massachusetts Parliament passed the Coercive Acts in the spring of 1774 One law limited town meetings to one a year. Another law suspended the Mass. General court. One law limited town meetings to one a year. Another law suspended the Mass. General court. This brought about the First Continental Congress. This brought about the First Continental Congress.

First Continental Congress Sept. 5, 1774 – 56 delegates met at Carpenter’s Hall in Philadelphia. George Washington (VA) was a leading figure, Patrick Henry (Give me liberty or give me death), Samuel Adams (most rebellious) Sept. 5, 1774 – 56 delegates met at Carpenter’s Hall in Philadelphia. George Washington (VA) was a leading figure, Patrick Henry (Give me liberty or give me death), Samuel Adams (most rebellious) Renewed boycott of British goods. Renewed boycott of British goods. Call for the people to arm themselves and to form militias. Call for the people to arm themselves and to form militias. Direct appeal to the King of England. Direct appeal to the King of England.

Battles of Lexington and Concord King George called them rebels – they preferred “Patriots” and began to gather guns and ammunition stockpiling them in Concord King George called them rebels – they preferred “Patriots” and began to gather guns and ammunition stockpiling them in Concord April 18, 1775 – 800 British troops marched towards Concord with orders to seize supplies. April 18, 1775 – 800 British troops marched towards Concord with orders to seize supplies. Met 70 armed militia, one shot was fired and within minutes 18 militia dead or wounded. Met 70 armed militia, one shot was fired and within minutes 18 militia dead or wounded. Soldiers returning to Boston found themselves up against 4000 militia. Their defeat was the start of the Revolutionary War. Soldiers returning to Boston found themselves up against 4000 militia. Their defeat was the start of the Revolutionary War.