Romeo and Juliet 伍阳艳

Elements of Drama

Dialogue A conversation between characters in a literary work.

Function of Dialogue Dialogue brings characters to life by revealing their personalities and by showing what they are thinking and feeling as they react to other characters.

Scene Design A subdivision of an act in a play. Each scene usually takes place in a specific setting and time.

Function of the Scene Design The scene design allows the author of the play to create a sense of Setting (see pg. 563).

Soliloquies A long speech delivered by a character who is alone onstage. See Romeo ’ s soliloquy in Act II, scene 2 (pg. 609).

Function of Soliloquies A soliloquy typically reveals the private thoughts and emotions of the character.

Asides In a play, a comment made by a character, but is not heard by the other characters onstage. Example: Act I, scene 1 (pg. 584). Sampson and Gregory speak without Abram hearing.

Function of Asides Asides are frequently used to provide information to the audience and to reveal the private thoughts of characters.

Foil A character who provides a strong contrast to another character.

Function of Foil Characters A foil may emphasize another character ’ s distinctive traits or make a character look better by comparison.

The courses of true love never did run smooth. -- William Shakespeare -- William Shakespeare

Liang Zhu, the Oriental Romeo and Juliet A young woman named Zhu Yingtai from Shangyu, Zhejiang, disguises herself as a man traveling to Hangzhou to study. During her journey, she meets and joins Liang Shanbo, a companion schoolmate from Kuaiji in the same province. They study together for three years, during which their relationship strengthens. When the two part, Zhu offers to arrange for Liang to marry her 16 year-old fictitious sister. When Liang travels to Zhu's home, he discovers her true gender. Although they are devoted and passionate about each other at that point, Zhu is already engaged with Ma Wencai, a man her parents had arranged for her to be married to. Depressed, Liang dies in office as a county magistrate. On the day Zhu is to be married to Ma, whirlwinds prevent the wedding procession from escorting Zhu beyond Liang's tomb. Zhu leaves the procession to pay her respects for Liang. Liang's tomb splits apart, and Zhu dives into it to join him. A pair of butterflies emerges from the tomb and flies away.

How much do you know about William Shakespeare?

154 sonnets 2 long poems 37 plays Tragedies Comedies History plays Roman plays Shakespeare’s Works

Shakespeare’s Four Tragedies Hamlet 《哈姆雷特》 King Lear 《李尔王》 Macbeth 《麦克白》 Othello 《奥赛罗》

Shakespeare’s Major Comedies The Merchant of Venice 《威尼斯商人》 All’s Well That Ends Well 《终成眷属》 The Comedy of Error 《错误的喜剧》 A Mid-Summer Night’s Dream 《仲夏夜之梦》 The Merry Wives of Windsor 《温莎的风流娘儿们》 Twelfth Night 《第十二夜》 Measure for Measure 《一报还一报》 Much Ado About Nothing 《无事生非》 As You Like It 《皆大欢喜》 The Taming of the shrew 《驯悍记》

Romeo and Juliet (written ) Based on: The Tragicall Historye of Romeus and Juliet Written by Arthur Brooke in 1562; Written in Blank Verse, e.g. But soft/ what light/ through yon/der win/dow breaks

Questions With whom is Romeo madly in love for the first two scenes of the play? 1. Himself 2. Mercutio 3. Lucy 4. Juliet

Questions To which city does Romeo go after being exiled from Verona? Padua Rome Venice Mantua

Why is Romeo exiled? 1. For killing Tybalt 2. For marrying Juliet against her father’s will 3. For killing Mercutio 4. For publicly admitting his atheism

Questions Where do Romeo and Juliet first meet? 1. At Capulet ’ s feast 2. At Friar Lawrence ’ s cell 3. At Montague ’ s feast 4. At the pier from which Malvolio is departing for Spain

Questions Why does Tybalt first challenge Romeo to a duel? He’s offended that Romeo loves his cousin He’s offended that Romeo shows up at the Capulet ball He’s offended that Romeo bites his thumb at him He does not challenge Romeo to a duel; he challenges Mercutio

To what does Romeo first compare Juliet during the balcony scene? 1. The moon 2. The stars 3. A summer’s day 4. The morning sun

Questions How and where does Romeo commit suicide? 1. With a dagger in the orchard 2. With a rope in the public square 3. With a sword in Juliet’s bedchamber 4. With poison in Juliet’s tomb

Questions Why is Friar John unable to deliver Friar Lawrence ’ s message to Romeo in Mantua? 1. He is killed by a Capulet servant 2. He is attacked by bandits on the road 3. He is held inside a quarantined house, and is unable to leave 4. Romeo is stopped in Padua and never makes it to Mantua

The Montagues Lord and Lady Montague – Romeo’s parents Romeo Montague Balthasar and Abram – servants to the Montagues Mercutio – Friend of Romeo and relative of the Prince

The Capulets Lord and Lady Capulet – Juliets parents Juliet Capulet Nurse – Juliets attendant Tybalt – cousin to Juliet Sampson and Gregory – servants to the Capulets

Shakespeare’s Tragic Plays Five-Part Pattern ACT I Exposition ACT III Crisis / Turning Point a ACT II Rising Action ACT IV Falling Action ACT V Climax & Resolution

Exposition (ACT I) Establishes the setting Introduces the main characters Explains background Introduces the characters’ main conflict

Romeo and Juliet (Exposition) Verona, Italy

Rising Action (ACT II) Consists of a series of complications Occurs when main characters take action to resolve their problems

Romeo and Juliet (Rising Action and Complications) Forbidden Love

Crisis or Turning Point (ACT III) Moment when a choice is made by one of the main characters that determines the direction of the action Upward = happy ending (comedy) Downward = sad ending (tragedy) Dramatic and tense moment when the forces of conflict come together

Fight between Romeo and Tybalt Romeo and Juliet (Crisis/Turning Point)

Falling Action (ACT IV) Presents events that result from the action taken in the turning point Events usually lock characters deeper into disaster With each event we see each character falling into tragedy

Romeo and Juliet (Falling Action) Juliet taking poison to avoid Paris at all costs

Climax & Resolution (ACT V) CLIMAX: Highest point of emotional intensity of the story The greatest and final event that takes place (death) RESOLUTION: The loose parts of the plot are tied up and resolved Any questions are answered Signifies the end of the play

Romeo and Juliet (Climax) “ O happy dagger!”

Romeo and Juliet (Resolution ) “For never was there a story of more woe Than this of Juliet and her Romeo.”

Two households…

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Montagues

Capulets

Others