The Wider Impacts of Social Protection Research on the Views, Experiences and Perceptions of Social Cash Transfer Programme Recipients and their Communities Jennifer Leavy School of International Development, University of East Anglia

Background UNICEF Zambia funded; MCDMCH end-clients November 2012-December 2014 Research Partners: - Institute of Development Studies/ UEA - RuralNet Associates Limited, Lusaka - Platform for Social Protection, Lusaka - University of Zambia (UNZA), Development Studies Department

Study Aim Research/Evaluate the impact of Social Cash Transfers on the wellbeing of recipients and non- recipients – By uncovering the views, experiences and perceptions of SCT recipients and their communities, taking into account direct and indirect effects – And therefore explain the social, economic and political processes that affect how people respond to SCTs and shape their impacts on HHs and communities.

Approach Relates to the Theory of Change of SCT Programmes Two Programmes: Child Grant and ‘10% Inclusive’ Three overarching themes of the research – Programme Processes – Impacts on Social Outcomes and Dynamics – Community-led Assessments of Changing Wellbeing

Conceptual Framework 3D human wellbeing framework which looks at wellbeing across three dimensions: – Material wellbeing (meeting basic needs) – Relational wellbeing (exercise of power and agency) – Subjective wellbeing (perceptions) What do people perceive they need to have, need to do and need to be in order to live well?

Three Levels: 1.People’s direct and indirect experiences of programme processes 2.Impacts and outcomes at the individual and household levels 3.Broader outcomes and impacts in the community.

Evaluation Framework: Devereux et al (2013)

3D Wellbeing and the Evaluation Framework Wellbeing analysis to focus on feedback loops by examining the three key themes across three levels Combines both quantitative and qualitative methods and data Systematic use of both objective & subjective data on programme processes and outcomes Able to generate an account of programme dynamics and effects in a community context

Using the 3D Wellbeing Framework to Pose Key Research Questions

Using the 3D Wellbeing Framework to Pose Key Research Questions …

Study Design… Will collect data and analyse evolution of effects, experiences and impacts of the Child Grant scheme over 2 years – Kaputa & Shang’ombo Research the social impact of the ‘10%’ cash transfer scheme – Kalomo and Monze At four levels: individuals, HHs, communities and SCT programme staff.

…Study Design Sample of 12 Community Welfare Assistance Committees – 3 in each district Combination of: – Purposive sampling (CWACs clustered according to year joined the scheme), and – Purposive and random sampling of households and individuals Data collection for CG study to be conducted in 4 survey rounds timed to capture seasonality factors, beginning in July 2013 One-off data collection in the 10% Inclusive model in August 2013 ‘Treatment’ and ‘Control’ communities

Methods Secondary data analysis: Evaluations of the 10% model in Monze and Kalomo; ongoing RCT of child grant programme (material wellbeing) Social mapping (community profiling) leading to: Quality of Life Questionnaire (subjective wellbeing) Basket of qualitative methods (relational wellbeing main focus with some elements of material and subjective wellbeing): – In-depth case studies, 10 women per community – FGD with recipient and non-recipient household members – FGD: Institutional and social network mapping – FGD: Pathways out of poverty and vulnerability – KII: Programme staff, Local government officials, CWACs – Self-reporting logs? Post-distribution monitoring survey Community Feedback and Analysis meetings

Methods

Challenges Methods; range, sequencing, self-reporting Research capacity and demands on the field research team, as well as respondents Analysis of subjective experiences and wider social dynamics Community perceptions of the study Access – very remote areas especially for child grant study