The Two Party System

The Establishment of the Two Party System Thomas Jefferson “common people”Party of the “common people” Working people’sWorking people’s party independent farmersNation of independent farmers State and Local government is best Strong in the South and West FreedomandLibertyFreedom and Liberty Alexander Hamilton “the rich, the well-born and the able”“the wise, the good and the rich”Party of “the rich, the well-born and the able” and “the wise, the good and the rich” Businessmen’sBusinessmen’s party Strong national government manufacturing and citiesNation of manufacturing and cities Strong in the Northeast Order and stabilityOrder and stability Democratic Republicans Federalists

1796 Election Results Jefferson (D-R) Adams (F)

1796 Election Results (16 states in the Union) John AdamsMassachusettsFederalist7151.4% Thomas JeffersonVirginiaDemocratic- Republican % Thomas PinckneySouth CarolinaFederalist5942.8% Aaron BurrNew YorkDemocratic- Republican % Samuel AdamsMassachusettsFederalist1510.9% Oliver EllsworthConnecticutFederalist118.0% George ClintonNew YorkDemocratic- Republican 75.1% Other % Total Number of Electors138 Total Electoral Votes Cast276 Number of Votes for a Majority 70

1800 Election Results Jefferson (D-R) Adams (F)

1800 Election Results (16 states in the Union) Thomas JeffersonVirginia Democratic- Republican % Aaron BurrNew York Democratic- Republican % John AdamsMassachusettsFederalist6547.1% Charles PinckneySouth CarolinaFederalist6446.4% John JayNew YorkFederalist 1 0.7% Total Number of Electors138 Total Electoral Votes Cast276 Number of Votes for a Majority 70

Aaron Burr Alexander Hamilton

Marbury Madison Marbury v. Madison Midnight judgesMidnight judges : Between the election of President Jefferson and his inauguration (3 months) the Federalist majority Congress (soon to be replaced) passed a law creating 16 new Federal judge positions, Outgoing President Adams (a Federalist) appointed Federalists to these positions. Why? Midnight Judges”Adams was signing appointments late into the night on his last day as President, so Republicans called these appointments “Midnight Judges” William Marbury was one of these guys Federal judges are appointed for life!

James Madison, new Secretary of State, refused to deliver Marbury’s appointment Marbury sued to force Madison to deliver it (couldn’t start the job until he had the appointment in hand In1803 (!) Supreme Court ruled that Madison had a duty to deliver Marbury’s appointment BUT… that the Constitution did not give Congress the power to create the position Marbury had been appointed to So… Marbury didn’t get his job So What!? First time Supreme Court ever declared a law U UU Unconstitutional Judicial Review - power of the Supreme Court to declare laws invalid because they go against the Constitution

The Establishment of the Two Party System Thomas Jefferson “common people”Party of the “common people” Working people’sWorking people’s party independent farmersNation of independent farmers State and Local government is best Strong in the South and West FreedomandLibertyFreedom and Liberty Alexander Hamilton “the rich, the well-born and the able”“the wise, the good and the rich”Party of “the rich, the well-born and the able” and “the wise, the good and the rich” Businessmen’sBusinessmen’s party Strong national government manufacturing and citiesNation of manufacturing and cities Strong in the Northeast Order and stabilityOrder and stability Democratic Republicans Federalists

Political Party A group of people who with similar ideas about government, who work together to elect people to government office who share their viewsA group of people who with similar ideas about government, who work together to elect people to government office who share their views A group of people who with similar ideas about government, who work together to elect people to government office who share their views

The Two Party System FederalistsDemocratic-Republicans 1790s 1816 Era of Good Feelings (everyone is a D-R?) (everyone is a D-R?) 1832 Whig Party Republican Party (Slavery issue!) (Slavery issue!) Democratic Party

DemocratRepublican Democrat or Republican?

Republicans are conservativeRepublicans are conservative –favor traditional institutions and the status quo –Want government to leave business alone- “laissez-faire” –favor a limited role for government in society and believe that people should help themselves, not rely on the government –favor lower taxes –believe in the trickle-down theory- spending by the wealthy will generate economic activity for everyone –Sees itself as party of business interests –Law and order, low taxes

Democrats are liberalDemocrats are liberal –favor change in society –oppose government intervention into one’s private and social life –support regulations on economic activity and businesses –favor an active role for government in society –believe that government involvement – be it environmental regulations against polluting or anti- discrimination laws- can improve the quality of our lives –willing to increase taxes to support government programs –Sees itself as the party of the working class –Civil rights, higher wages

2010 Elections: Voters who said their income is… Less than $30K per year voted 58% for Dems, 40% for Repubs $30K - $49,999: 52% for Dems, 45% for Repubs $50K - $74,999: 46% for Dems, 52% for Repubs $75K - $99,999: 43% for Dems, 56% for Repubs $100K-$199,999:43% for Dems, 56 for Repubs Over $200,000:36% for Dems, 62% for Repubs

2012 Election 2012 election results by Income level

2000 Election Map Red-Republican—Blue-Democrat

2004 Election Map

2008

State size proportional to population 2012 Election

Qualifications for President 35 years old35 years old Natural born citizenNatural born citizen 14 year resident of USA14 year resident of USA

The Electoral College 1.Every state has the same number of electoral votes as it has Senators and Representatives in the Congress (Washington has 2 Senators and 10 representatives, so we have 12 electoral votes) (Washington has 2 Senators and 10 representatives, so we have 12 electoral votes) 2.On election day, the people of each state vote for President to determine who will get ALL of their state’s electoral votes (winner take all in every state but 2) 3.The electors from each state must cast their votes for the candidate who won the election in their state 4.Whoever gets the majority of the electoral votes nationwide ( 270 out of 538) is elected President ☼ (If no candidate gets a majority in the Electoral College, then the House of Representatives chooses the President, like in 1800 & 1824)

States today get one Representative for every ____________ people (approximately) in the House of Representatives ______________and other ______________ are appointed for life 700,000 Supreme CourtFederal judges

Abortion Democrat: –Abortion is a woman’s right and should be legal Republican: –Abortion should be illegal or severely restricted by government

Flag Burning Democrat: –Flag burning is political speech and is protected by the Constitution Republican: –Protect the flag from burning by a constitutional amendment

Natural Environment Democrats: –Strong regulations are needed to protect the environment Republicans: –Strong environmental laws harm the economy

Race Relations Democrats: –Strong anti-discrimination laws are needed –favor affirmative action Republicans: –People and businesses can be trusted not to discriminate –Many oppose affirmative action

Minimum Wage Democrats: –Favor/Increase the minimum wage to help workers Republicans: –Oppose/Do not raise the minimum wage because it hurts businesses

Healthcare Democrats: –Government should require universal access to healthcare Republicans: –Private insurers are preferable to government controlled system

Taxes Democrats: –Increase taxes on the wealthy to pay for public programs Republicans: –Cutting taxes for everyone helps the economy

Military Democrats: –Cut military spending; expand veteran’s benefits; act in concert with other nations and/or with support from NATO and the UN Republicans: –Increase military spending; cut veteran’s benefits; don’t be constrained by other nations or by NATO and the UN

Death Penalty Democrats: –Oppose/It is not a deterrent and innocent people are in jeopardy Republicans: –Favor/The death penalty is necessary and effective

Gay Rights Democrats: –Favor/Gay rights and marriage are civil rights Republicans: –Oppose/Marriage is a sacred trust between a man and woman

Prayer in School Democrats: –Oppose/Violation of the separation between church and state Republicans: –Favor/It is a religious right and our Christian heritage

War in Iraq & Afghanistan Democrats: –Favored at first but then criticized President Bush for messing it up –Want to get more countries support –Want a defined exit strategy Republicans: –Former President Bush stated that US would not leave Iraq until the job is done –Admitted to mistakes in Iraq and said it would be a tough fight –Hope Iraq’s new gov’t and people will eventually be stable enough in several years for US withdrawl