SOCIOLOGY A Down-to-Earth Approach 8/e SOCIOLOGY Chapter One: The Sociological Perspective This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program. James M. Henslin

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  How Groups Influence People  How People are Influenced by Their Society  People Who Share a Culture  People Who Share a Territory Seeing the Broader Social Context

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Jobs  Income  Education  Gender  Age  Race Social Location - Corners in Life

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  History—Location in Broad Stream of Events  Biography—Individual’s Specific Experiences C. Wright Mills: Connection Between History and Biography C. Wright Mills: Connection Between History and Biography

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  The Global Village  Instant Communication  Sociology Studies both the Global Network and Our Unique Experiences The Growing Global Context The Growing Global Context

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  The Natural Sciences—Explain and Predict Events in Natural Environment  The Social Sciences—Examine Human Relationships Sociology and the Other Sciences

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Anthropology - Studies Culture  Economics - Studies the Production and Distribution of Goods and Services  Political Science - Studies How People Govern Themselves Sociology and the Other Sciences

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Psychology - The Study of Processes Within Individuals  Sociology - Similarities to Other Disciplines Sociology and the Other Sciences

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Explain Why Something Happens  Make Generalizations  Predict What will Happen The Goal of Science

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Tradition vs. Science  Emerged mid-1800s  Grew Out of Social Upheaval  Rethinking of Social Life  The Success of Natural Sciences Origins of Sociology

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Applying the Scientific Method to Social World  Coined the Term “Sociology”  “Armchair Philosophy” Auguste Comte and Positivism

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Second Founder of Sociology  Lower and Higher Forms of Society  Coined Phrase “Survival of the Fittest” Herbert Spencer - Social Darwinism

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Engine of Human History is Class Conflict  The Bourgeoisie vs. The Proletariat  Marxism Not the Same as Communism Karl Marx and Class Conflict

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Got Sociology Recognized as Separate Discipline  Studied How Social Forces Affect Behavior  Identified “Social Integration” - Degree to Which People are Tied to Social Group Emile Durkheim and Social Integration

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Religion and the Origin of Capitalism  Religion is Central Force in Social Change  Protestant Ethic and Spirit of Capitalism Max Weber and the Protestant Ethic

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Sociology Should be Value-Free  Sociology Should be Objective  Research Should Involve Replication  Goals and Uses of Sociology Values in Sociological Research Values in Sociological Research

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Weber  Verstehen - “To Grasp by Insight”  Importance of Subjective Meanings  Durkheim  Stressed Social Facts  Explain Social Facts with Other Social Facts  How Social Facts and Verstehen Fit Together Verstehen and Social Facts

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Attitudes of the Time  1800s Sex Roles Rigidly Defined  Few People Educated Beyond Basics  Harriet Martineau  Published Society in America Before Durkheim and Weber Were Born  Her Work was Ignored Sexism in Early Sociology

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Early History: Tension Between Social Reform and Sociological Analysis  Jane Addams and Social Reform  W. E. B. Du Bois and Race Relations  Talcott Parsons and C. Wright Mills: Theory vs. Reform  Continuing Tension and Rise of Applied Sociology Sociology in North America

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Symbolic Interactionism - How People Use Symbols in Everyday Life  Applying Symbolic Interactionism - Changing the Meaning of Symbols Affects Expectations Theoretical Perspectives

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Emotional Satisfaction  The Love Symbol  The Meaning of Children  The Meaning of Parenthood Applying Symbolic Interactionism Examples Applying Symbolic Interactionism Examples

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Marital Roles  Perception of Alternatives  The Meaning of Divorce Applying Symbolic Interactionism Examples Applying Symbolic Interactionism Examples

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Marital Roles  Perception of Alternatives  The Meaning of Divorce  Changes in the Law Applying Symbolic Interactionism Examples Applying Symbolic Interactionism Examples

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Society is a Whole Unit Made Up of Interrelated Parts that Work Together  Functionalism, Structural Functionalism  Robert Merton - Functions and Dysfunctions Functional Analysis

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Economic Production  Socialization of Children  Care of the Sick and Elderly Applying Functional Analysis

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Recreation  Sexual Control  Reproduction Applying Functional Analysis

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Karl Marx and Conflict Theory  Conflict Theory Today  Feminists and Conflict Theory  Applying Conflict Theory Conflict Theory

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Functionalists and Conflict Theorists - Macro Level  Symbolic Interactionists - Micro Level Levels of Analysis

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Sociology Full Circle: Reform vs. Research  Public Sociology  Diversity of Orientations  Globalization Trends Shaping the Future

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon